Harnessing Behavioral Economics Principles to Promote Better Surgeon Accountability for Operating Room Cost: A Prospective Study

1. Download : Download high-res image (295KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

科技期刊邮件推送的用户调研与策略分析

【目的】 从读者和期刊两方面进行调研,对比分析科技期刊通过邮件推送进行宣传,从而促进学术成果有效传播,增强用户黏性的策略,为我国科技期刊宣传提供参考。【方法】 通过问卷调查、实例调研、案例分析及对比,分析不同做法对邮件推送结果的影响,给出优化的方法和建议。【结果】 问卷调研结果反映的用户需求与同行期刊和中国激光杂志社邮件推送实例的分析结果相互印证。科技期刊在进行邮件推送时,要先了解邮件推送目标用户的需求,并根据需求对邮件推送活动进行合理优化。【结论】 精准性是邮件推送工作首先要考虑的因素;合适的主题、时效性强、恰当的推送频率也是推送工作需注意的要素。     

影响大规模疫苗接种的社会经济因素分析

目的 了解影响成人疫苗接种率的有关社会经济影响因素。方法 选择广西河池市2个城镇，对5～60岁登记在册居民按有对照的组群随机抽样原则进行伤寒Vi疫苗和A群流脑疫苗的大规模接种；比较接种者的人口学和社会经济特征与接种率的关系。结果 应接种对象118071人，实际接种92476人，接种率为78．32％，其中伤寒Vi疫苗76．87％；流脑疫苗79．69％。城市接种率为77．29％，农村接种率为80．58％；5～9岁接种率最高，为89．65％；20～29岁组最低，仅为69．07％；男女接种率分别为79．07％和82．11％；高收入住户人群接种率最高达到90％左右；18～60岁人群中，按受教育程度分析以“小学毕业”人群接种率最高，为78．34％；按居住单元分析，学生的人群接种率最高，达92．01％，私营业主和退休人群接种率最低，分别为69．71％和68．82％；居住未满1年者的人群接种率最低．为62．5％．居住1～2年者接种率最高，为84．47％。结论 受教育程度、经济收入、居住年限以及城乡差别对接种率并无直接影响；流动性大、老年人是影响疫苗接种率的主要因素。     

Evaluation of Safe Kids Week 2004: Age 4 to 9? It's Booster Seat Time!

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a national one week media campaign promoting booster seat use. DESIGN: Pre-test, post-test design based on nationally representative random digit dialing telephone survey, with control for exposure to campaign. SETTING: Canada. SUBJECTS: Parents of children aged 4-9 years. INTERVENTIONS: During a one week campaign in May 2004, information on booster seat use was distributed via a national media campaign, retail stores, medical clinics, and community events. Information included pamphlets with guidelines for booster seat use, as well as a growth chart (designed by Safe Kids Canada) to assist parents in determining if their child should be using a booster seat. Assessing seat belt fit was described in detail on the growth chart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors regarding booster seat use. RESULTS: Respondents in the group exposed to the campaign were twice as likely to report using a booster seat with lap and shoulder belt for their child (47%), compared to those in the pre-test (24%) and the unexposed (23%) groups (p<0.001). However, only small differences in general knowledge regarding booster seat use were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A one week national media campaign substantially increased self-reported use of booster seats. Parents did not remember details of the campaign content, but did remember implications for their own child.     

贵州省2003～2004年麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果评价

目的总结贵州省实施麻疹疫苗(MV)强化免疫的效果。方法综合分析强化免疫期间的现场调查、项目年度评估报告和强化免疫后1年的麻疹监测系统和法定传染病报告系统的疫情资料。结果本次强化免疫共计接种目标儿童8 611 528人,报告接种率和调查接种率均>95%;共报告预防接种异常反应354例,发生率4.11/10万;接种后经过1个最长潜伏期,麻疹发病数明显减少,每周报告疑似麻疹2~34例,且近1/3为风疹;目前78.3%的麻疹病例发生在8月龄~14岁,病例71.1%无免疫史或免疫史不详。结论高质量MV强化免疫能够迅速降低麻疹发病,实施该项工作的关键环节包括广泛的社会动员、细致的培训和清晰的物流是前提保障;目标人群的确定必须结合当地流行病学监测的资料;尽可能在较大范围内开展,以形成有效的人群免疫屏障阻断麻疹病毒传播;接种时间选择在麻疹低发季节,且尽可能在15d内完成;保证>95%接种率是活动的前提目标;必须针对可能发生的预防接种后异常反应做好充分准备;如果该地区常规免疫服务质量在1~2年内不能明显加强,需要同时考虑4~5年后的后续免疫。     

Residual Infestation and Recolonization during Urban Triatoma infestans Bug Control Campaign,Peru

Chagas disease vector control campaigns are being conducted in Latin America, but little is known about medium-term or long-term effectiveness of these efforts, especially in urban areas. After analyzing entomologic data for 56,491 households during the treatment phase of a Triatoma infestans bug control campaign in Arequipa, Peru, during 2003–2011, we estimated that 97.1% of residual infestations are attributable to untreated households. Multivariate models for the surveillance phase of the campaign obtained during 2009–2012 confirm that nonparticipation in the initial treatment phase is a major risk factor (odds ratio [OR] 21.5, 95% CI 3.35–138). Infestation during surveillance also increased over time (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.15–2.09 per year). In addition, we observed a negative interaction between nonparticipation and time (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53–0.99), suggesting that recolonization by vectors progressively dilutes risk associated with nonparticipation. Although the treatment phase was effective, recolonization in untreated households threatens the long-term success of vector control.     

Impact of community-delivered SMS alerts on dog-owner participation during a mass rabies vaccination campaign,Haiti 2017

Haiti has historically vaccinated between 100,000 and 300,000 dogs annually against rabies, however national authorities have not been able to reach and maintain the 70% coverage required to eliminate the canine rabies virus variant. Haiti conducts massive dog vaccination campaigns on an annual basis and utilizes both central point and door-to-door methods. These methods require that dog owners are aware of the dates and locations of the campaign. To improve this awareness among dog owners, 600,000 text messages were sent to phones in two Haitian communes (Gonaives and Saint-Marc) to remind dog owners to attend the campaign. Text messages were delivered on the second day and at the mid-point of the campaign. A post-campaign household survey was conducted to assess dog owner’s perception of the text messages and the impact on their participation in the vaccination campaign. Overall, 147 of 160 (91.9%) text-receiving dog owners indicated the text was helpful, and 162 of 187 (86.6%) responding dog owners said they would like to receive text reminders during future rabies vaccination campaigns. In areas hosting one-day central point campaigns, dog owners who received the text were 2.0 (95% CI 1.1, 3.6) times more likely to have participated in the campaign (73.1% attendance among those who received the text vs 36.4% among those who did not). In areas incorporating door-to-door vaccination over multiple days there was no significant difference in participation between dog owners who did and did not receive a text. Text message reminders were well-received and significantly improved campaign attendance, indicating that short message service (SMS) alerts may be a successful strategy in low resource areas with large free roaming dog populations.     

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Surveillance during National Influenza Vaccination Campaign,New York,USA, 2009

The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) collected information about hospitalized patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during October 2009–May 2010, statewide (excluding New York City), to examine a possible relationship with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination. NYSDOH established a Clinical Network of neurologists and 150 hospital neurology units. Hospital discharge data from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) were used to evaluate completeness of reporting from the Clinical Network. A total of 140 confirmed or probable GBS cases were identified: 81 (58%) from both systems, 10 (7%) from Clinical Network only, and 49 (35%) from SPARCS-only. Capture–recapture methods estimated that 6 cases might have been missed by both systems. Clinical Network median reporting time was 12 days versus 131 days for SPARCS. In public health emergencies in New York State, a Clinical Network may provide timely data, but in our study such data were less complete than traditional hospital discharge data.