Management of sagittal craniosynostosis: morphological comparison of eight surgical techniques

The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective multicentre study comparing the morphological outcome of 8 techniques used for the management of sagittal synostosis versus a large cohort of control patients. Computed tomographic (CT) images were obtained from children CT-scanned for non-craniosynostosis related events (n = 241) and SS patients at preoperative and postoperative follow-up stages (n = 101). No significant difference in morphological outcomes was observed between the techniques considered in this study. However, the majority of techniques showed a tendency for relapse. Further, the more invasive procedures at older ages seem to lead to larger intracranial volume compared to less invasive techniques at younger ages. This study can be a first step towards future multicentre studies, comparing surgical results and offering a possibility for objective benchmarking of outcomes between methods and centres.     

中西医一体化防治增生性瘢痕的研究现状

皮肤瘢痕是一个巨大的医学问题,每年约有1亿患者产生瘢痕。瘢痕的预防/治疗在很大程度上还没有得到满足的临床需求。瘢痕的形成通常是皮肤创伤的病理结果。而增生性瘢痕(hypertrophic scar,HTS)常发生在人深部损伤后。HTS通常被认为是组织收缩和过度的细胞外基质沉积的结果。肌成纤维细胞作为主要由成纤维细胞分化而来的效应细胞,在HTS的病理生理中起着至关重要的作用。多种生长因子、炎症因子参与了HTS发生的过程。目前,随着对HTS的深入探索和临床研究,各种创造性和有效的治疗方法正在萌芽。本文就HTS中西医形成机制研究进展进行综述,并针对其病理生理特点,对现有的中西医综合治疗方法进行综述。此外,我们进一步展望更适合的HTS中西医综合治疗的特色与方法。     

Effects of incentives,age, and behavior on brain activation during inhibitory control: A longitudinal fMRI study

We investigated changes in brain function supporting inhibitory control under age-controlled incentivized conditions, separating age- and performance-related activation in an accelerated longitudinal design including 10- to 22-year-olds. Better inhibitory control correlated with striatal activation during neutral trials, while Age X Behavior interactions in the striatum indicated that in the absence of extrinsic incentives, younger subjects with greater reward circuitry activation successfully engage in greater inhibitory control. Age was negatively correlated with ventral amygdala activation during Loss trials, suggesting that amygdala function more strongly mediates bottom-up processing earlier in development when controlling the negative aspects of incentives to support inhibitory control. Together, these results indicate that with development, reward-modulated cognitive control may be supported by incentive processing transitions in the amygdala, and from facilitative to obstructive striatal function during inhibitory control.     

基于岗位管理的基层医院专科护士使用及考核的现状调查研究

目的调查四川省基层医院专科护士使用和考核现状,对其使用和考核体系进行探索。方法于2017年9月7-15日,采用问卷调查法对四川省38所二级及三级乙等医疗单位专科护士的使用和发展现状进行调查。结果共有38所医院参与网络问卷调查,其中34.21%的医院未针对专科护士设置岗位,岗位职责不清晰。有73.68%的专科护士未进行资质再认证,60.53%的专科护士学成后未进行专科资质再考核。结论我国对专科护士能力的评价认证体系尚未形成统一标准,对专科护士的培养条件也未形成统一标准。护士岗位管理中设置专科护士岗位能促进专科护士的职业发展规划,有利于专科护士使用和考核。     

丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况；电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组；而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用，为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。     

181例离退休干部抑郁状况及影响因素的研究

目的 了解离退休干部抑郁状况及有关影响因素。方法对181例离退休干部进行GDS量表评定，并进行相关分析和逐步回归分析。结果离退休干部抑郁症状患病率为25．4％，对其影响的最主要因素为身体状况、生活感觉、性别、家庭关系，标准化回归系数分别为-0．294、0．260、-0．163、-0．169。结论必须从多方面采取综合干预措施，才能改善离退休干部的抑郁状况，从而达到心理健康水平。     

Early neonatal inflammation affects adult pain reactivity and anxiety related traits in mice: genetic background counts

Protracted or recurrent pain and inflammation in the early neonatal period may cause long-lasting changes in central neural function. However, more research is necessary to better characterize the long-term behavioral sequelae of such exposure in the neonatal period. Objectives: (1) to study whether timing of postnatal exposure to persistent inflammation alters responsiveness to thermal pain in the adult animal; (2) to assess whether animals experiencing early postnatal chronic inflammation display altered anxiety related behavior; (3) to study the importance of genetic background. Newborn mice (outbred strain, CD1 and F1 hybrid strain, B6C3F1) received an injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) or saline on either postnatal day 1 or 14 (PND1; PND14) into the left hind paw. Pain to radiant heat and anxiety were examined in 12-week-old adult animals. Adult baseline PWL was significantly decreased in CD1 mice exposed to CFA on PND 1 and 14 as compared to their saline treated counterparts. B6C3F1 mice exposed to CFA on PND14 showed markedly reduced baseline PWL compared to the PND14 saline group. Persistent inflammation experienced by B6C3F1 mice on PND1 failed to affect baseline adult thermal responsiveness. Adult mice, CD1 and B6C3F1, displayed low anxiety traits only if they had been exposed to persistent inflammation on PND1 and not on PND14. Our research suggests a role for genetic background in modulating long-term behavioral consequences of neonatal persistent inflammation: the data support the hypothesis that pain experienced very early in life differentially affects adult behavioral and emotional responsiveness in outbred (CD1) and hybrid mice (B6C3F1).     

大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系

研究大学生心理素质与思想品德发展的关系，目的在于分析、发现个体在接受教育过程中的心理运动规律，从而提高思想教育的实效性。本文从马克思主义认识论和实践论的观点出发，依据教育心理学的原理，探讨了心理健康教育与思想品德教育的内在联系和相互作用，提出良好的心理素质是大学生思想品德发展的基础的观点。认为品德的形成与人的心理活动息息相关，个体如果没有良好的品德，将影响其心理素质的完善；同样，没有健全的心理素质，思想品德也不能得到很好的发展。只有思想品德教育与心理健康教育协调发展，共同作用，才能收到良好的教育效果。     

Policy determinants affecting the hunger millennium development goal

The possible effect of Government Consumption (a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) on attainment of the hunger Millennium Development Goal (MDG1) was analyzed by evaluating the effect of macroeconomic, social, demographic and policy variables on average undernourished population. Eighty-four developing countries with data available on undernourished population were included in an ecological study. Regression models were applied to explore possible determinants of Undernourished between 1990 and 2004 and consequent achievement of the projected 2004 MDG1. In 2004, 1.4% of the overall undernourished population in the studied countries [70.16 million people] was in excess of the projected level required to meet MDG1. The multiple linear regression showed significant associations between Undernourished and poverty levels, the Gini Index, rural population and Government Consumption. The multiple logistic regression showed significant associations between achievement of projected 2004 MDG1 levels and Government Consumption and the Gini Index. The significant associations between Undernourished and Government Consumption suggest that the effects of GDP components on social conditions call for more thorough research and that policymakers such as governments and international financial institutions need to ensure that changes in distributive and redistributive policies do not negatively affect the possibility of achieving MDG1.