合并乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人DOTS中肝损害观察

目的 观察免费板式组合药在DOTS中对合并乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人肝损害情况。方法 比较HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性的涂阳肺结核病人与无乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人DOTS前后肝功能损害情况。结果 合并乙肝病人肝损害发生率66．3％，无乙肝者肝损害发生率8．6％，两者相比差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。22．5％病人因肝损害需更改治疗方案。结论 DOTS中合并乙肝的病人采用板式组合药用2H3R3Z3E3／4H3R3方案易发生肝损害，对这类病人应慎用常规方案，并要密切全程观察肝功能，尽可能应用肝损害较小的抗结核药。     

初治涂阳肺结核短程间歇全监化疗近期疗效观察

目的评价WHO推荐的短程间歇化疗方案近期疗效和全程督导化疗(DOTS)的可行性。方法搜集本市1993-2001年结控项目有关病例治疗管理的资料进行统计分析。结果1746例2、3月末痰菌阴转率分别为88.0%和94.6%,治愈率为96.4%,失败率1.8%。结论WHO推荐的短程间歇化疗方案是高效的,全程督导化疗管理是可靠且可行的。     

Ambient Air Sampling During Quantum-Dot Spray Deposition

Abstract

Ambient air sampling for nanosize particle emissions was performed during spot spray coating with a SonoTek ExactaCoat Benchtop system (ECB). Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) and gold QDs, nominally 3.3 and 5 nm in diameter respectively, were applied during the evaluation. Median spray drop size was in the 20 to 60 micrometer size range. Industrial hygiene monitoring and evaluation of controls were revised when a scanning mobility particle sizer indicated a significant increase in the ambient air concentration upon early enclosure door-opening. A time delay sufficient to provide 10 enclosure air changes (a concentration reduction of more than 99.99%) before door-opening prevented the release of aerosol particles in any measurable size. As part of the evaluation, aerosol characterization in reference to background was made using condensation particle counters, atomic force and electron microscopy, and chemical analysis.     

Fluorescent Identification and Detection of Staphylococcus aureus with Carboxymethyl Chitosan/CdS Quantum Dots Bioconjugates

A fast and sensitive method based on fluorescent carboxymethyl chitosan/CdS quantum dots (CMCS–CdS QDs) composites was developed for specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food and the environment. Fluorescent CMCS–CdS QDs were prepared in aqueous solution through a green method. A human immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody was then bioconjugated to the QDs in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3)-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to make a novel type of mono-dispersed water-soluble fluorescent bioprobes. The fluorescent bioprobes were employed to identify S. aureus by incubating them with the bacteria for a certain time and observing the marked cells under fluorescence microscopy after removing free fluorescent QDs. Fluorescence microscopy images showed the S. aureus cells were successfully recognized by the bioprobes. Several other bacteria commonly found in environment such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were also incubated with the bioprobes to test their specificity. It was found that the novel QDs–CMCS–IgG bioprobes had specific identification to S. aureus cells. Fluorescence measurement using a luminescence spectrometer could be applied to quantify S. aureus cells. The fluorescence intensity of the samples at 600 nm was proportional to the cell concentration in the range of 10³–10⁷ cfu/ml, and the detection limit was as low as 900 cfu/ml. Considering the simplicity and cost-efficiency of this method, its application in the identification and quantification of bacteria in clinical, food and environmental samples is anticipated.     

滨州市2001～2010年肺结核发病情况及DOTS策略实施的效果

目的了解滨州市《规划》实施情况,评价DOTS策略的执行效果。方法通过对2001年～2010年登记管理的病人,以病人登记本、月报、季报和年报为来源,进行患病登记率、流行特征、DOTS策略执行情况进行分析。结果 2001年～2010年登记患病率为35.65/10万,新涂阳登记率24.39/10万;治愈率为92.07%;避免63 164人感染结核菌,避免5 667人发病。结论滨州市积极推行现代结核病控制策略,结核病人的发现率和治愈率显著提高。     

2004～2006年门源县结核病控制效果分析

目的:评价我县结核病控制工作成效。方法:主要采用因症就诊、线索调查等方式发现病人,免费提供抗结核药物,按照规定的化疗方案对病人采用全程督导管理(DOTS)策略治疗,根据结核病门诊登记本、实验室登记本、季报表和督导调查等资料进行效果分析。结果:2004年-2006年共接诊可疑结核病人1493人、拍片1332人、查痰1358人、查痰率90.90%,查出活动性肺结核383人,其中涂阳283人、涂阳病人检出率为20.84%,涂阳病人年龄组以25-64岁为最多,涂阳病人化疗满2个月阴转率为87.68%,满全疗程涂阳病人284例中治愈263例,治愈率为92.61%,其中初治涂阳治愈率为93.50%,复治涂阳治愈率为85.69%。全程督导管理数满全疗程结核病人284人,规则服药病人数279人,规则治疗率为98.23%。结论:结核病控制项目我县已取得较好成效,今后应加强结核病DOTS管理,规范治疗,就能够有效控制我县结核病发病。     

影响富阳市农村DOTS病人依从性的因素

20世纪末,由于宏观控制措施的松懈、耐药率的上升及HIV病毒合并感染等众多因素的共同作用下,使结核病疫情再次上升。不正规治疗导致耐药率上升是结核病疫情难以控制的主要原因。直接面视下行短程化疗(DOTS)能有效地解决不正规治疗的问题,也是目前控制结核病疫情最为经济有效的管理手段。富阳市自2004年6月开始对所有新登记涂阳初治病人实行DOTS管理,采用卫生部推荐的短程抗痨方案,病人在村卫生室接受直接面视下免费服药。为了解、确定DOTS病人不合作原因及确定可能影响依从性的因素,掌握不合作者为什么不愿按时到村卫生室服药的原因以…     

Tuberculosis — persistent threat to human health

With the increasing incidence of tuberculosis worldwide, childhood cases now constitute 40% of the total. TB control thus has global importance. Unfortunately, control of disease is not in sight. It was always thought that adult tuberculosis is the fountainhead of childhood tuberculosis but it is being increasingly realized that it is the infection acquired during childhood that promotes reactivation of adult disease, which in turn maintains the chain of transmission.Thus childhood tuberculosis needs equal or more attention for effective control. Early detection by simple tests and ensuring treatment compliance is the goal. The small number of bacilli and inaccessible sites for bacteriological confirmation makes diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis difficult. Circumstantial evidence is often the basis of diagnosis. However, as clinical manifestations depend upon host immune response and virulence of tubercle bacilli, there is no typical clinical presentation. A large number of infected children may remain asymptomatic, undiagnosed and untreated. Conventional tests such as tuberculin test and radiology are not fully dependable and newer tests have limitations. Poor patient treatment compliance contributes to failure of a tuberculosis control program and leads to drug resistance. To combat this, direct observed treatment (DOTS) has been unanimously recommended in treatment of tuberculosis. DOTS is however estimated to be used in less than 40% of new cases. Misconceptions threaten to undermine continued success in tuberculosis control. TB control is essentially a management problem. Greater accountability of governments, donors and providers is essential     

盐城市亭湖区2002-2009年肺结核病人的发现与报告情况分析

盐城市亭湖区常住人口80万、流动人口20万,下辖7个建制镇、8个街道、1个开发区、113个行政村、78个社区居委会,辖区内非农业人口占76.34%.近年来,随着区域的调整,城市框架的拉大,城区肺结核病防治的工作任务越来越繁重,我们在坚持肺结核病归口管理的基础上,不断改进工作方法,加强与综合性医疗机构的合作,提高了肺结核病人的发现率和报告率.现将2002-2009年我区肺结核病人的发现与报告情况分析如下.     

山西省实施全球基金结核病项目7年效果分析

目的：评价山西省实施全球基金结核病项目取得的成效。方法：对山西省2003～2009年实施全球基金结核病项目的情况进行总体分析。结果：项目实施后,督导短程化疗（directly obeserved treatment ＋ short -course, DOTS ）覆盖率达100％;2003～2009年共发现72523例新涂阳肺结核患者,新涂阳肺结核患者发现率达到72．03％;治愈68132例,治愈率达到93．9％。结论：项目实施效果显著,实现了高发现率和高治愈率的目标,DOTS策略得到扩展。为本省结核病控制工作可持续发展提供了成功模式。