不同证候的注意缺陷多动障碍患儿多巴胺D2受体基因携带情况检测

注意缺陷多动障碍（ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｄｅｆｉｃｉｔｈｙｐｅｒｃａｔｉｖｉｔｙｄｉｓｏｎｒｄｒ,ＡＤＨＤ）是常见的儿童行为障碍,目前病因尚未明确,国外近年由于分子生物学方法的介入,发现多巴胺Ｄ２受体ＴａｑＩＡ１等位基因与本病相关,通过对广州市城镇学龄儿童多巴胺Ｄ２受体基因ＴａｑＩＡ多态性的检测,支持Ａ１等位基因与本病的关系（Ｐ＝０．００６５２０）并发现病该基因与中医辨证的“肾虚肝亢”证候关系更为密切     

Response of Recurrent Binge Eating and Weight Gain to Topiramate in Patients with Binge Eating Disorder after Bariatric Surgery

Background: The effectiveness of topiramate was evaluated in the treatment of recurrent binge eating and weight gain in patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity who had undergone initially successful bariatric surgery. Methods: The records of 3 consecutive patients with BED and obesity who presented to our clinic with recurrent binge eating and weight gain after undergoing initially successful bariatric surgery were reviewed. They were treated with topiramate for an average of 10 months. Results: All three patients reported complete amelioration of their binge eating symptoms and displayed weight loss (31.7 kg in 17 months, 14.5 kg in 9 months, 2 kg in 4 months, respectively) in response to topiramate (mean dose 541 mg). Conclusion: Although anecdotal, these observations suggest that topiramate may be an effective treatment for patients with BED and obesity who experience recurrent binge eating and weight gain after initially successful bariatric surgery.     

针刺治疗对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿事件相关电位P3的影响

为观察针刺治疗对注意缺陷多功障碍（ADHD）患儿事件相关电位马的影响，通过对40名患儿和20名正常儿童的事件相关电位P3检测，发现在两种注意状态（主动注意、被动注意）下，ADHD患儿P3出现率为68．9％、46．6％，正常儿童为94．3％、35．7％（P＜0．001），提示患儿被动注意强而主动注意较弱。ADHD3亚型间P3出现率亦有差异（P＜0．05）。在两种注意状态下，和正常儿童比较ADHD患儿P3潜伏期较长而波幅较低（P＜0．001）。经3个月针刺治疗后P3潜伏期显著缩短，波幅显著提高（P＜0．001），提示针刺治疗可以促进发育迟缓的患儿大脑神经纤维生长和发育，增加大脑皮层突触数量和质量，从而使可供动员的信息加工的有效资源增加，提高注意水平，特别是主动注意水平；增加了能激活的神经元数量，从而在反映大脑皮层对新型的、重要的与可引起兴趣的感觉输入信息的认识过程指标P3上反映出来。     

The Chiropractic Subluxation: Implications for Manual Medicine

Abstract

Objectives: Studies investigating the efficacy of intra-oral myofascial therapies (IMT) for chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are rare. The objective of this randomized, controlled pilot study was to compare the effects of IMT and the addition of self-care and education over 6 months on four common TMD outcome measures: inter-incisal opening range, jaw pain at rest, jaw pain upon opening, and jaw pain upon clenching.

Participants: Thirty myogenous TMD participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years, experiencing chronic jaw pain of longer than 3-month duration, were recruited for the present study.

Intervention: Included patients were randomized into one of three groups: (1) IMT consisting of two treatment interventions per week for 5 weeks; (2) IMT plus 'self-care' involving education and exercises; and (3) wait list control.

Main outcome measures: Range of motion findings were measured in millimetres by vernier callipers and pain scores were quantified using an 11-point self-reported graded chronic pain scale. Measurements were taken at baseline, 6 weeks post-treatment, and 6 months post-treatment.

Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in resting, opening, and clenching pain and opening range scores (P<0.05) in both treatment groups compared to control at 6 months. No significant differences were observed between the two treatment groups during the course of the trial.

Conclusions: This study suggests that IMT alone or with the addition of self-care may be of some benefit in the management of chronic TMD over the short-medium term. A larger scale study over a longer term (1–2 years) may be of further value.     

Psychological distress in the first year after diagnosis of HIV infection among women in South Africa

Cross-sectional studies on psychological responses associated with an HIV diagnosis are replete, but a paucity of research exists to evaluate the changes and stability of these responses, particularly among black African women. One hundred and five HIV-positive black and coloured women were studied as they reported for follow-up health management at the outpatient clinic for infectious diseases at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. They were assessed at baseline and 51 returned for a follow-up interview six months later. Assessments involved use of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Carver Brief COPE, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Negative life events and risk behaviours were also evaluated. Fifty-nine women (56.2%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder on the MINI at baseline. The most frequent diagnosis was major depression (38.1%), followed by dysthymic disorder (22.9%). A diagnosis of HIV or AIDS exacerbated the premorbid state of 19% of the women who reported a past history of depression. Twelve women (11.4%) were at risk for suicide, while 19% met criteria for a clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 6.7% met the diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorders. At follow-up, 26 (51%) were diagnosed with at least a psychiatric disorder. Eleven (21.6%) met the criteria for major depression, while eight (15.7%) had a past history of depression. The number of women with PTSD increased from 19% of the total sample at baseline to 29.4% of those interviewed at follow-up. Conversely, the number with dysthymia dramatically decreased from 24 women (22.9%) at baseline to just one woman at follow-up. The number displaying suicidality also decreased from 12 at baseline to four at follow-up. At both baseline and follow-up, the number and impact of negative life events significantly increased the likelihood of major depression persisting or recurring, but this association was not found for PTSD. These findings indicate that, over time, there is variability in psychiatric morbidity among coloured and black African women living with HIV and that a high number of negative life events may increase the likelihood of persistent major depression in these women.     

Examination of Differential Anxiety Sensitivities in Panic Disorder: A Test of Anxiety Sensitivity Subdomains Predicting Fearful Responding to a 35% CO2 Challenge

Cognitive conceptualizations of panic disordersuggest that panic is produced and maintained bythreatening beliefs associated with autonomic arousal.The present study tested the discriminant validity of the anxiety sensitivity model of panic byassessing the differential predictions of particularanxiety sensitivity domains. A factor analysis of theBody Sensations Questionnaire indicated four nested anxiety sensitivity factors assessing fears ofcardiopulmonary, dissociation, numbness, andgastrointestinal sensations. The symptoms assessed byeach factor possess varying levels of correspondence to the sensations typically produced during a 35%CO₂ inhalation (i.e., CardiopulmonaryFears/High Correspondence, Dissociation Fears/ModerateCorrespondence, Numbness Fears/Moderate Correspondence,Gastrointestinal Fears/Low Correspondence). It was hypothesizedthat anxiety sensitivity to the high-correspondencesensations, compared to anxiety sensitivity to moderate-and low-correspondence sensations, would predict greater fearful responding to a 35%CO₂ challenge. Fifty-six participants meetingDSM-IV criteria for panic disorder completed a singlevital capacity 35% CO₂ challenge. Consistentwith prediction, Cardiopulmonary Fears was the only index that predictedprovocation-induced anxiety and symptoms. These findingssuggest that specific anxiety sensitivities can providea more powerful explanatory model for predicting emotional responding in panicdisorder.     

Gastric Bypass in a Factor V Deficient Patient

Factor V deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder requiring special attention during the peri-operative period. Surgical intervention in these patients can be technically challenging. Because of the rarity of this condition, the optimal management is unknown. Available literature supports peri-operative infusion of fresh frozen plasma. We report successful management of a factor V deficient patient undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Literature review indicates that this is the first reported case of bariatric surgery in a patient with factor V deficiency.     

Psychosocial Predictors of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery

Background: The authors investigated the predictive value of various parameters such as age, preoperative weight, eating behavior, psychiatric disorders, adverse childhood experiences and self-efficacy with regard to weight loss after gastric restrictive surgery. Methods: After a minimum follow-up of 30 months (median follow-up 50 months; range 30-84 months), a questionnaire concerning extent of, satisfaction with, and consequences of weight loss was mailed to 220 morbidly obese female patients following laparoscopic Swedish adjustable gastric banding (SAGB). Results: Questionnaires were completed and returned by 140 patients (63%). Average BMI loss was 14.6 kg/m². Most patients (85%) were happy with the extent of weight loss. Satisfaction with weight loss showed a significant correlation with extent of weight loss. BMI loss was greatest in the obese with an atypical eating disorder (20.0 kg/m²), and BMI loss was least in the obese with no eating-disordered behavior before surgery (13.4 kg/m²). Obese patients with two or more psychiatric disorders showed significantly less weight loss than did obese patients with one or no psychiatric disorder (BMI units 10.8 vs 14.0 vs 16.1; P=.047). Conclusions: The findings indicate a less successful outcome for obese patients with psychiatric disorders (particularly adjustment disorders, depression and/or personality disorders), compared to patients not mentally ill. An eating disorder preceding surgery, however, was not a negative predictor of success following bariatric surgery. To improve outcome of bariatric surgery in obese patients with psychiatric disorders, more individual psychosocial intervention strategies are necessary.     

Double-Think,Double-Binds and the Secret History of Borderline Personality Disorder

The clinical diagnosis of borderline personality disorder carries a uniquely pungent stigma. The literature repeatedly refers to these patients as manipulative, malignant and treatment resistant. In this paper, it is argued that when viewed within a broader matrix, the person with borderline organization exhibits unstable emotions and behaviour not because they are ‘difficult’ but because they lack the option of more socially sanctioned defences. This personality organization has developed because they have been trapped in some kind of irreconcilable circumstance (a double-bind) and yet also required to deny the truth of this (double-think). The author explores how this mechanism may be present in less obviously dysfunctional manifestations for many people, including herself, a 50-year-old psychotherapy student. This paper argues the person with borderline organization is grappling with the paradoxical need for both merger and separation, but this may be better understood as not just trying to make meaning for themselves as an individual, but as bearing the psychic burden for generations who have gone before them, such as the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand (Aotearoa), who experienced the trauma of colonization.