Somatosensory Evoked Potential Changes With a Selective Attention Task

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) changes associated with selective attention were investigated. In 16 subjects, SEPs were recorded from five locations while they counted electrical stimuli to one of four randomly stimulated fingers. Sequential SEP events measured included peaks P30 (positivity at 30 msec). P45, N60, P100. N140. P190. N230, P400. Counting was associated with greater P45, P100. P190, N230, and P400 amplitudes; effects were not attributable to eye or tongue activity. Analyses designed to reveal changes associated with two conceptualized “channels” (finger class, hand) showed that the P45, P100, and P190 amplitude increases involved both channels. The P400 effect was limited to the target finger. Channel effects for N60 and N140 amplitudes resulted from decreases localized to the unattended element of one channel, suggesting “inhibition.” Latency effects involved mainly the hand channel; counted hand latencies were shorter for P30, P45, P100 and P190. The findings indicate modifications of both early and late electrocortical events with selective attention, and that changes can be of several kinds. They support the view that attention proceeds in more than one stage.     

PURIFICATION OF MS2 BACTERIOPHAGE FROM COMPLEX GROWTH MEDIA AND RESULTING ANALYSIS BY THE INTEGRATED VIRUS DETECTION SYSTEM (IVDS)

Purification and concentration of viruses from the background material is required whatever subsequent analysis methods are used. For the analysis of viruses it is essential and detection methods depend on this solution. This report demonstrates a methodology for theremoval of growth media from a virus preparation. A sample of MS2 was purified using a new ultrafiltration (UF) technique with hollow fibers. A typical MS2 virus sample with a nominal stated concentration of 1.4 × 10 12 plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL in the original growth media was used to demonstrate this method. After UF, the growth media was removed and thevirus counted using theintegrated virus detection system (IVDS)instrument. This report further describes the use of this ultrafiltration procedure to remove other impurities, such as cesium chloride and albumin, from solutions containing a purified solution of MS2 bacteriophage. These solutions were also analyzed using the IVDS instrument.     

Neuropsychological evidence for a dissociation in counting and subitizing

There is a long and ongoing debate about whether subitizing and counting are separable processes. In the present paper we report a single case, MH, who presents with a dissociation in subitizing and counting. MH was spared in his ability to enumerate small numbers accurately along with a marked inability to count larger numbers. We show that non-visual counting was intact and visual counting improved when a motor record of counting could be maintained. Moreover, when larger numbers of items were spatially grouped into 2 subitizable units, performance dramatically improved. However, color grouping did not aid MH's performance, despite his being sensitive to color segmentation. In addition, MH made more re-visits of inspected locations than controls, and he was less aware of a re-visitation being made. The data cannot be explained in terms of general working memory problems (verbal working memory was relatively spared), or general number comprehension problems (e.g., simple sums and counting of auditory items was intact); but they can parsimoniously be accounted for in terms of impaired visuo-spatial memory. The findings support the argument that at least some processes are specific to counting and are not required for subitization – in particular spatial coding and memory for previously inspected locations.     

Enumeration skills in Down syndrome

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit various math difficulties which can be ascribed both to global intelligence level and/or to their atypical cognitive profile. In this light, it is crucial to investigate whether DS display deficits in basic numerical skills. In the present study, individuals with DS and two groups of typically developing (TD) children matched for mental and chronological age completed two delayed match-to-sample tasks in order to evaluate the functioning of visual enumeration skills. Children with DS showed a specific deficit in the discrimination of small numerosities (within the subitizing range) with respect to both mental and chronological age matched TD children. In contrast, the discrimination of larger numerosities, though lower than that of chronological age matched controls, was comparable to that of mental age matched controls. Finally, counting was less fluent but the understanding of cardinality seemed to be preserved in DS. These results suggest a deficit of the object tracking system underlying the parallel individuation of small numerosities and a typical – but developmentally delayed – acuity of the approximate number system for discrimination of larger numerosities.     

ATP生物发光技术快速检测水中细菌的研究

目的：探索利用ATP生物发光技术测定水中细菌量的可行性。方法：利用生物发光技术测定细菌中ATP量,根据细菌中ATP量与细菌数成正比这一原理,推算出水中菌落总数,与国标平皿计数法进行对比,分析两者之间的相关性。结果：检测结果与传统国标法有很好的相关性。结论：ATP生物发光技术具有准确、便利等优点,可望用于水中细菌的快速检测。     

"数数+鼓励"在小儿静脉输液中的应用

目的 提高小儿静脉输液的服务水平,提高工作效率.方法 把"数数 鼓励"法结合有效的沟通应用于小儿静脉输液.结果 缩短了护士操作时间和其他患儿的等候时间,同时也深受患儿及家长的欢迎.结论 把"数数 鼓励"法应用于小儿静脉输液,使护理工作变轻松,增加了护理服务的满意度,营造了医院护理文化,提升医院形象和竞争力.     

Cascades of pile-up and dead time

Count loss through a cascade of pile-up and dead time is studied. Time interval density-distribution functions and throughput factors are presented for counters with a series arrangement of pile-up and extending or non-extending dead time. A counter is considered, where an artificial dead time is imposed on every counted event, in order to control the length and type of dead time. For such a system, it is relatively easy to determine an average count-loss correction factor via a live-time clock gated by the imposed dead-time signal (‘live-time mode’), or otherwise to apply a correction factor based on the inversion of the throughput function (‘real-time mode’). However, these techniques do not account for additional loss through pulse pile-up. In this work, counting errors associated with neglecting cascade effects are calculated for measurements in live-time and real-time mode.     

A linear regression model for the analysis of life times

A linear model is suggested for the influence of covariates on the intensity function. This approach is less vulnerable than the Cox model to problems of inconsistency when covariates are deleted or the precision of covariate measurements is changed. A method of non-parametric estimation of regression functions is presented. This results in plots that may give information on the change over time in the influence of covariates. A test method and two goodness of fit plots are also given. The approach is illustrated by simulation as well as by data from a clinical trial of treatment of carcinoma of the oropharynx.     

Circ_002664/miR-182–5p/Herpud1 pathway importantly contributes to OGD/R-induced neuronal cell apoptosis

ObjectiveApoptosis is a prominent form of neuron death in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Accompanied with the pathogenesis, Circ_002664 is upregulated. However, its role in the neuron apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms are unknown.MethodsIn this study, HT22 cells were treated with oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). The cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation and mitochondrial potential were examined. The expressions of interested genes, Circ_002664, miR-182–5p and Herpud1, were measured. The roles of these genes in OGD/R-induced cell injury were investigated by knockdown, overexpression alone or in combination. Additionally, the interactions between Circ_002664, miR-182–5p and Herpud1 were validated by luciferase report assay. The levels of MAP2, CHOP, Cytochrome C (CYC) and cleaved caspase-3 were determined.ResultsOGD/R treatment significantly increased cell apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation and mitochondrial potential, as well as increased Circ_002664 and Herpud1 expressions, and decreased miR-182–5p level. Circ_002664 knockdown markedly inhibited the effects by OGD/R on cell survival and altered expression of miR-182–5p and Herpud1. MiR-182–5p was observed sponged by Circ_002664 and negatively mediated its effect above mentioned, and this was by directly targeting Herpud1. Additionally, it was observed that CHOP expressions were regulated by Circ_002664/miR-182–5p/Herpud1 pathway, and in turn mediated its regulation in CYC and cleaved caspase-3.ConclusionsIn summary, our data showed that the Circ_002664 importantly contributed to neuronal cell apoptosis induced by OGD/R treatment, and this might be achieved by directly targeting miR-182–5p/Herpud1 pathway.