Outpatient convalescent plasma therapy for high-risk patients with early COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

ObjectivesThe potential benefit of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highest when administered early after symptom onset. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of CP therapy in improving the disease course of COVID-19 among high-risk outpatients.MethodsA multicentre, double-blind randomized trial was conducted comparing 300 mL of CP with non-CP. Patients were ≥50 years, were symptomatic for <8 days, had confirmed RT-PCR or antigen test result for COVID-19 and had at least one risk factor for severe COVID-19. The primary endpoint was the highest score on a 5-point ordinal scale ranging from fully recovered (score = 1) or not (score = 2) on day 7, over hospital admission (score = 3), intensive care unit admission (score = 4) and death (score = 5) in the 28 days following randomization. Secondary endpoints were hospital admission, symptom duration and viral RNA excretion.ResultsAfter the enrolment of 421 patients and the transfusion in 416 patients, recruitment was discontinued when the countrywide vaccination uptake in those aged >50 years was 80%. Patients had a median age of 60 years, symptoms for 5 days, and 207 of 416 patients received CP therapy. During the 28 day follow-up, 28 patients were hospitalized and two died. The OR for an improved disease severity score with CP was 0.86 (95% credible interval, 0.59–1.22). The OR was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.33–1.02) for patients with ≤5 days of symptoms. The hazard ratio for hospital admission was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.28–1.34). No difference was found in viral RNA excretion or in the duration of symptoms.ConclusionsIn patients with early COVID-19, CP therapy did not improve the 5-point disease severity score.     

天津市传染性非典型肺炎康复者健康状况的随访研究

目的 了解天津市传染性非典型肺炎（SARS）康复者健康状况及其主要并发症的转归，并通过特异性抗体检测完成血清学诊断，观察抗体时间变化规律。方法对2003年天津市SARS流行期间经住院治疗康复的220人，进行了发病后14个月内分3个阶段的随访研究。对全部随访者进行了血清SARS-CoV特异性抗体IgG、IgM以及淋巴细胞亚群、血生化等指标检测，同时进行了肺部高分辨CT检测和双侧髋关节MRI检测。结果随访患者中，原SARS临床确诊、临床疑似和临床观察病例的SARS-CoV特异性抗体IgG的阳性率分别为99．34％，87．5％和45．59％，提示临床疑似和临床观察病例中有较多病人漏诊。随访早期发现87人存在肺功能或（和）肺间质性变化，经过8个月观察，影像学显示46人肺部病变自愈，其余41人肺部病变也明显好转。49人发生股骨头坏死，仅在SARS-CoV特异性抗体阳性患者中发生，且多为Ⅰ期病变，经多因素分析显示，股骨头坏死与SARS病毒感染以及住院期间激素的平均使用量的联合作用有关。结论血清学诊断在SARS患者感染确证中不可缺少，应在恢复期早期进行血清抗体检测。康复者肺间质性改变有自愈倾向，股骨头坏死的发生是病毒感染与激素联合作用的结果。     

尖足三针对康复期脑性瘫痪患儿站位运动功能的影响

目的:观察尖足三针对康复期脑性瘫痪患儿站位运动功能的影响。方法:选取2017年1月—2018年6月我院儿童康复科95例康复期脑性瘫痪患儿作为研究对象,按随机数字法进行分组,其采用常规康复治疗的康复期脑性瘫痪患儿50例作为对照组,在常规康复治疗的基础上联合尖足三针针刺治疗的45例康复期脑性瘫痪患儿作为观察组,比较两组患儿治疗前、后粗大运动功能评分、足背屈角、表面肌电以及中医症候积分等。结果:两组患儿治疗前GMFM-88各评分明显低于治疗后,观察组治疗后GMFM-88各评分明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗前足背屈角明显高于治疗后,比较两组患儿治疗后足背屈角差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患儿治疗后主动跖屈肌电信号明显高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患儿治疗后主动跖屈肌电信号差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿治疗后被动背伸肌电信号明显低于治疗前,观察组康复期脑性瘫痪患儿治疗后被动背伸肌电信号明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组康复期脑性瘫痪患儿康复治疗前中医证候积分明显高于康复治疗后,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),对照组患儿康复治疗后中医证候积分明显高于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患儿康复治疗总有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:通过联合尖足三针针刺对康复期脑性瘫痪患儿进行康复治疗,能够在一定程度上改善康复期脑性瘫痪患儿腓肠肌肌肉张力、足背屈能力,进而促使患儿站位运动功能得到改善。     

黄七胶囊治疗中风恢复期临床用药剂量的探讨

目的探讨黄七胶囊临床用药剂量与疗效和不良反应的关系。方法 89例中风恢复期患者随机分为高、低剂量组和安慰剂对照组,每日服3次,4周为1个周期,共服用3个周期,观察其疗效和不良反应。结果高、低剂量皆对中风恢复期患者具有明显的治疗效果,疗效与用药剂量大小成正相关。高剂量组中医证候临床基本痊愈6例,显效16例,有效6例,无效2例,显效率为73.3%,总有效率为93.3%;低剂量组中医证候临床基本痊愈2例,显效10例,有效12例,无效6例,显效率为40.0%,总有效率为80.0%。高剂量组疗效明显优于低剂量组。高剂量组神经功能缺损程度及病残程度改善率为93.3%,低剂量组为76.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。头颅CT检查结果表明,黄七胶囊有缩小或消除脑梗死病灶的作用,且高剂量组优于低剂量组。治疗前后血液流变学及出凝血时间检查结果表明,黄七胶囊有降低血液黏稠度、改善脑梗死患者血流变状态的作用,并能延长出、凝血时间,具有防止血栓形成的作用而又无出血等不良反应,无论是高剂量组还是低剂量组,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。对照组、高剂量组、低剂量组个别患者出现恶心、皮肤过敏、便秘等情况,但无剂量相关,与药物无必然联系,三组皆无肝、肾功能等损害,亦无相关死亡病例。结论黄七胶囊对气虚血瘀、脉络瘀阻型脑中风恢复期患者有较好的中医证候临床疗效,对神经功能缺损及脑梗死病灶治疗效果良好,有降低血液黏稠度、改善脑梗死患者血液流变学状态的作用,并能延长出、凝血时间,具有防止血栓形成的作用,而又无出血等不良反应,其疗效高剂量组优于低剂量组,且本品无明显不良反应。     

深圳市首例H5N1型人禽流感临床报告

目的探索H5N1型人禽流感病例的临床特点及诊治经验。方法一例H5N1型人禽流感患者,采用荧光定量RT-PCR评价抗病毒治疗效果,流式细胞术监测细胞免疫,即时动态的放射学检查、血气分析、生化检查监测病情变化,即时的细菌学检查监测细菌感染情况和抗生素治疗效果。采用抗病毒、禽流感恢复期血浆、机械辅助通气、糖皮质激素、免疫调节、抗生素、对症支持等综合治疗。结果患者以高热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为主要症状,临床诊断为重症病毒性肺炎,合并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和多脏器功能衰竭,并继发严重肺部细菌感染。联合奥司他韦和禽流感患者恢复期血浆治疗,患者体内的病毒在短期内得到有效控制和清除;机械通气、激素及其他对症支持治疗有效控制ARDS和多脏器功能衰竭;多黏菌素治疗有效控制广泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌感染;免疫调节治疗促进患者免疫功能的恢复。结论H5N1型人禽流感病情重、进展快,严重的ARDS及多器官功能障碍综合征是主要临床特征。早期清除病毒、及时正确的对症辅助支持治疗、选择有效抗生素控制继发细菌感染是治疗成功的关键。激素和免疫调节剂的使用值得进一步探索。恢复期血浆治疗是重症禽流感治疗的有益尝试。     

Successful recovery of COVID-19-associated recurrent diarrhea and gastrointestinal hemorrhage using convalescent plasma

Background:Gastrointestinal symptoms are not rare among coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients,but there have been no reports regarding convalescent plasma therapy for the recovery of gastrointestinal problems in COVID-19 patients.Case presentation:We present two cases of patients with COVID-19-associated recurrent diarrhea and positive fecal occult blood who successfully recovered after a one-time convalescent plasma administration.Conclusion:When COVID-19 patients develop recurrent or refractory gastrointestinal symptoms and fail to respond to the available treatment,alternative therapy with convalescent plasma administration may be considered.     

Emergence of ancient convalescent plasma (CP) therapy: To manage COVID-19 pandemic

Since December 2019, the human populations of the 195 global countries continue experiencing grave health and life threats due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the novelty of the pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), at present there is lack of preventive as well as therapeutic options for treating and managing the infection. The use of ancient immunotherapeutic technique – the convalescent plasma (CP) therapy, may act as an immediate and available option to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides a concept and understanding on the CP therapy, its potential to control SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The CP therapy might act as an immediate saviour for society from the virus. Although the CP therapy has exert affirmative result against COVID-19 it has not been recommended for long time use in COVID-19 and this review gives support for its possible application.