大学生手机短信消费心理研究

通过自编调查问卷，对400名大学生的手机短信消费情况进行调查和分析，结果发现：①手机短信已成为当代大学生普遍流行的一种交际手段，并更多地在较亲密的群体内部使用，方便和费用低是大学生选择短信进行交际的主要原因；②大学生的手机短信消费具有显著的性别和年级差异；③部分大学生在短信消费中形成了一定的手机依赖和幻听等心理和行为问题。     

临床肿瘤用药的统计分析

[目的]了解肿瘤用药的消费现状及发展趋势，为临床合理用药提供依据。[方法]对本院1996年-2002年抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药的用药情况进行统计分析，以药品的年消耗金额作统计。[结果]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药分别占全部药品年消耗总金额的24．24％～33．73％、15．80％～23．33％和5．86％～9．11％。[结论]抗肿瘤药、生物反应调节剂和升白细胞药是用于肿瘤治疗的主要药品，尤其是抗肿瘤天然药物有着广阔的应用前景。     

论公费医疗大额死亡病例的资源消耗与医学目的

从北京市公费医疗大额消耗的９２例死亡病例的费用结构及住院城数的统计，提示由住院日地长，贵重卫生资源的盲目过量投入等而致。这与中国国情不符。因此，医学目的概念应更新，以及应如何正确对待死亡病例的医疗服务值得进行讨论。     

Local blood flow and metabolism of the tongue before and during panting in the dog

Summary The effects of hyperthermia on blood flow and oxygen consumption of the tongue were investigated in anesthetized dogs. For comparison, blood flow through the skin and deep muscle of the hind leg was also measured in some animals. Increasing blood temperature revealed a biphasic response of lingual blood flow. At 41°C blood temperature respiratory frequency was twice that of control and there was a reduction of lingual blood flow, while resistance of the lingual bed was increased significantly. The arterio-venous oxygen difference (AVDO₂) of lingual blood was markedly increased at this level and the of the tongue was like-wise significantly greater than control. At 41.9°C, the steep increase of respiratory frequency was accompanied by a marked fall in lingual resistance as evidenced by a four-fold increase of lingual blood flow. The systemic AVDO₂ rose at this temperature, while the lingual AVDO₂ fell dramatically. There was no further increase of lingual . At both temperature levels the blood flow through the skin did not change substantially, while the deep muscle blood flow slightly increased. The mean arterial pressure showed a progressive fall during hyperthermia. It is assumed that the decrease of lingual blood flow at elevated blood temperature without panting is due to a redistribution of cardiac output to areas other than the tongue. The increase of lingual blood flow without an additional increase of lingual during panting may be explained solely as a mechanism for heat dissipation. The fact that the decrease of lingual resistance was demonstrated in immobilized animals concomitant with high frequency phrenic burst activity suggests that the decrease of lingual resistance and panting may be induced by a common central integrating mechanism.     

Effect of hypothermia on renal sodium reabsorption

Summary The relationship between sodium reabsorption and oxygen consumption was studied in an isolated rabbit kidney preparation perfused with blood at 37, 28 and 19° C. When the temperature was lowered from 37° C to 28° C and to 19°C the rate of oxygen consumption and of the maximal P.A.H. excretion (Tm P.A.H.) decreased more than that of sodium reabsorption.TheQ ₁₀ for sodium reabsorption is about 1.8, while that for maximal P.A.H. excretion is 2.5. Some hypothesis on the possible mechanisms of the lowQ ₁₀ of the Na⁺ reabsorption are forwarded.Preliminary reports have been published [Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper.43, 1019–1023 (1966) and44, 1784–1787 (1967);45, 860–862 (1969) and45, 863–865 (1969)].     

杭州市老年人主要食物摄入量与营养调查

目的了解杭州市老年人的年主要食物摄入量与营养状况,找出存在的主要问题,探讨解决的对策。方法随机抽样调查了杭州市老年大学学员的体质指数、年主要食物摄入量、营养相关疾病患病率及对营养与膳食知识的了解与需求程度。结果杭州市老年人体质指数为22.3±3.1,人均每年主要食物摄入量为:口粮98.6kg,豆类30.1kg,蔬菜110.1kg,水果63.3kg,食用植物油16.2kg,食糖5.0kg,肉类20.1kS,蛋类19.7kg,奶类56.8kg,水产品34.7kg。营养相关疾病患病率较高。结论接受调查的人群年主要食物摄入量基本达到2010年城乡居民食物与营养发展目标中的城市居民人均每年主要食物摄入量的要求,膳食结构基本合理,但仍需加强营养指导。     

The use of chemical occurrence data at European vs. national level in dietary exposure assessments: A methodological study

A typical EFSA approach to assess dietary exposure is to combine data from national consumption surveys with chemical occurrence data that have been pooled across the EU Member States (pooled approach). This approach was compared to the case where occurrence data were stratified by country and used for food categories where national data were abundant (semi-pooled approach), using cadmium as a case study. Some differences in estimated dietary exposure were observed between the pooled and semi-pooled approach. They were explained by differences, between the national and the European occurrence data, with respect to (1) contamination values and (2) sample proportions of food items classified in the food categories the assessment was based on. The latter aspect highlighted the sensitivity of the approach of directly aggregating monitoring data into food categories. Both the pooled and semi-pooled approach tended to be conservative relative to approaches used at national level. This appears to be attributed to differences in the way the available occurrence data is aggregated. Refinement of the studied methodologies would include a better separation of the food items with high concentration from those with low concentration.     

我院2011-2012年住院患者基本药物使用情况分析

目的:促进基本药物在临床的合理使用。方法:从我院信息管理(HIS)系统中调取2011-2012年住院患者的药品使用数据,对其中的基本药物使用情况进行统计、分析,并计算用药频度(DDDs)和日均费用(DDC)。结果:2011-2012年,我院住院患者使用的基本药物金额分别占全院住院患者用药总金额的15.74%和14.56%。使用金额排序前10位的基本药物类别中,调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡药、心血管系统用药和消化系统用药连续两年均排名靠前。而基本药物品种排名中,化学药品与生物制品类以氯化钠注射液为首,中成药类以红花黄色素注射液为首。DDDs排名靠前的化学药品类基本药物有维生素C、多烯磷脂酰胆碱、非洛地平缓释片等,但其DDC较低;而中成药类基本药物中,红花黄色素注射液的DDDs和DDC均排在首位。结论:基本药物在我院住院患者中的使用总体符合云南省的要求,但其应用水平尤其是中成药类基本药物还有待进一步提高。