无锡市德国小蠊抗性监测及防制措施研究

目的 对无锡市德国小蠊的抗性和抗性消退研究;探讨进行综合防制的措施。方法 抗性和抗性消退测定采用药膜接触法。结果 无锡市德国小蠊对高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏已产生较高程度的抗性,对残杀威、溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯敏感性亦有所减弱;拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂抗性消退速度较有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂抗性消退速度快;采用堵洞抹缝、清除垃圾等环境治理措施,选择合理的杀虫用药及剂型进行杀灭和巩固,可基本控制德国小蠊的侵害和孳生。结果 无锡市德国小蠊对某些杀虫剂抗性已较高,应注意合理选择杀虫剂,交替用药、混配用药;选择合理的用药及剂型进行化学防治辅以彻底的环境治理措施是对德国小蠊进行综合防制的关键。     

舰艇上蜚蠊的调查与防制

目的　了解舰艇上蜚蠊种群并进行防制。方法　用药激法和粘捕法进行调查 ,滞留喷洒进行防制。结果蜚蠊种群有 3属 6种 ,德国小蠊最多 ,占 82 .2 2 % ,其次为美洲大蠊和黑胸大蠊 ;复方制剂对蚊、蝇、蜚蠊的KT50 分别为9.87、3 .2 8和 1.2 4min ,48h死亡率均为 10 0 % ;对 17艘舰艇进行灭蜚蠊处理 ,杀灭率分别为 88.79%和 97.80 %。结论　舰艇上蜚蠊以德国小蠊为主 ,采用复方制剂防制蜚蠊效果满意。     

莆田荔城区蟑螂种群分布及侵害率调查

目的通过对不同场所、不同行业进行蟑螂侵害现状调查,以了解莆田市荔城区的蟑螂危害程度及种群变化、不同行业间密度指数关系、不同诱饵对侵害率调查的影响。方法在各调查点不同部位各放置1～2个蟑螂小屋,晚放晨收、连放2d。在相同调查点布放不同诱饵蟑螂小屋。观察其捕获率。结果莆田市荔城区蟑螂侵害率达48.9%,蟑螂种群构成发生了极大变化,德国小蠊为当地优势种群,占96.5%。饮食行业和农贸市场蟑螂的侵害情况严重,侵害率分别为86.7%和76.7%。农贸市场中肉摊及面食摊侵害达到100.0%、水产摊、蔬菜摊略低、用配置诱饵对蟑螂的捕获率比用面包捕获率高。结论德国小蠊为当地优势种群,对重点部位应加大药物剂量,以达到有效控制的目的 。     

茂名市2009年度蟑螂密度监测及侵害现况的调查研究

目的了解茂名市区2009年蟑螂密度的季节性消长和侵害状况,为蟑螂防制提供科学依据。方法用蟑螂盒粘捕法进行调查监测。结果在各类环境中共捕获蟑螂379只,其中德国小蠊345只,美洲大蠊34只,平均侵害率为17.84%,密度为0.53只/盒。结论茂名市区蟑螂种群构成只有德国小蠊和美洲大蠊,其中以德国小蠊为主,构成比为91.03%;侵害环境类型以农贸市场和餐饮业为主。应进一步加强德国小蠊和美洲大蠊的防治效果研究,保障人们的健康。     

Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cockroaches and human urine

Molecular-epidemiological analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cockroaches captured in hospitals and from patient urine was performed, employing randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigate the usefulness of RAPD analysis. Four specific bands at positions of 993, 875, 521, and 402 bp were commonly detected using primer 272 in 16 of 45 cockroach-derived strains (35.6%), but not in 21 urine-derived strains. On analysis using primer 208, 4 specific bands at positions of 1,235, 1,138, 1,068, and 303 bp were commonly detected in 15 of the 45 cockroach-derived (33.3%) and 10 of the 21 patient urine-derived (47.6%) strains, in a total of 25 of 66 strains (37.8%). On cluster analysis, 12 (48.5%) and 16 (66.7%) clusters were grouped based on a homology of 89% or greater, using primer 272 and primer 208, respectively, showing that primer 208 was suitable for the confirmation of diversity. Seven patterns were clustered based on 100% homology using either primer, and 6 of these consisted of only cockroach-derived strains. In the individual groups with 100% homology, all strains in the group were isolated at an identical site during the same period. P. aeruginosa isolated from cockroaches showed diverse genotypes suggesting several sources of contamination, indicating the necessity for investigating infection control targeting cockroaches inhabiting hospitals.     

东莞地区2000例荨麻疹患者变应原分析

【目的】分析和研究东莞地区2000例荨麻疹患者变应原的分布情况。【方法】选取荨麻疹患者共2000例,采用标准测量方法“阿罗格”点刺原液进行变应原测试,分析其变应原结果。【结果】2000例荨麻疹患者变应原以粉尘螨、蟑螂、屋尘螨最高,其次为小虾、牛肉、蚌类。【结论】尘螨、蟑螂、屋尘螨等是东莞地区荨麻疹患者中最常见的变应原。     

2010 - 2018年南昌地区蜚蠊监测及侵害特征分析

目的 了解2010 - 2018年南昌地区不同室内环境中侵害的蜚蠊种类、密度、及季节消长规律，为城市蜚蠊防制提供依据。方法 2010年 - 2018年按照《国家病媒生物监测方案》的要求，采用粘捕法在南昌地区开展蜚蠊监测，收集监测数据并对监测结果进行统计分析。结果 2010 - 2018年间，德国小蠊占所有捕获蜚蠊的96.97%； 南昌地区总蜚蠊密度为1.29只/张，总侵害率为9.22%;5类环境类型中，以餐饮环境的蜚蠊总密度及侵害率最高，分别是 2.31只/张和 15.54% ； 每年在第3季度出现蜚蠊密度与侵害率的高峰；9个县区中以西湖区的总蜚蠊密度和侵害率最高，分别达到5.62只/张和23.86%。结论 德国小蠊为南昌室内蜚蠊优势种，餐饮行业与农贸市场是蜚蠊侵害的重点区域，2010 - 2018年各年度间南昌地区蜚蠊侵害程度无显著变化， 老城区蜚蠊侵害最严重。     

我国蜚蠊及其防治研究概述

蜚蠊是重要的病媒生物。现就蜚蠊的生物学和生态学习性、危害性和侵害率现状进行概述,并指出入侵物种德国小蠊已成为我国城市蜚蠊群落的优势物种且侵害率呈加重的趋势;综述了我国蜚蠊防治药械与防治方法的研究进展,指出各种药械和防治方法在蜚蠊防治中的作用、发展及实际使用的优劣;介绍了蜚蠊与传播疾病的关系及致敏方面的现状,再次凸现出蜚蠊重要的医学意义。蜚蠊的防治是一项长期而艰巨的任务,防治蜚蠊的过程也是不断接受蜚蠊挑战的过程,特别是蜚蠊的抗性问题和防治过程中对环境的污染问题。为实现我国蜚蠊防治和环境保护的和谐,建议采用以环境治理和化学防治并重的原则,综合应用法规防治、物理防治、生物防治和遗传防治等措施来控制蜚蠊,特别是要合理地应用各种蜚蠊防治药械,加强蜚蠊防治管理,降低蜚蠊的医学危害。     

蟑螂:长沙地区德国小蠊的染色体核型

作者改进了染色体标本制作方法,对长沙地区德国小蠊的染色体核型进行了研究。染色体散开满意,核型清楚。德国小蠊的染色休核型雌2n=24;雄2n=23。     

Isolation of bacteria with antibiotic resistance from household cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica)

Cockroaches may harbor and disseminate microorganisms to the environment. In this study, Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica were collected from 40 households in Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. Cockroach infestation was found in 50% of the studied households and 226 cockroaches (123 P. americana and 103 B. germanica) collected by trapping. P. americana was more often found in the kitchen (70.7%) whereas B. germanica in the storage room (51.5%) and kitchen (36.9%). There was no significant difference between the percentages of P. americana (99.9%) and B. germanica (98.0%) carrying bacteria. A total of 25 species of bacteria was isolated from P. americana and only 21 from B. germanica. Antibiotic resistance was found in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus species isolated from the cockroaches. These findings suggest a potential role of cockroaches in the transmission of pathogenic bacteria with antibiotic resistance in households.