大鼠气管上皮细胞体内—体外转化模型的研究

本研究建立了大鼠气管上皮细胞体内－体外转化模型，大鼠气管内滴注苯并芘，三天后处死大鼠，消化气管上皮细胞，接种于无血清完全培养基。细胞形成集落后，换为选择培养基继续培养五周，统计转化率。结果显示，２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的苯并芘可诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化及微核增加，用同样方法研究了煤焦沥青提取物，结果表明，剂量为８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的煤焦沥青提取物能明显诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化。     

Biological markers as indicators of exposure and pneumoconiotic risk: Prospective study

This research is designed to evaluate a number of biological markers to estimate harmful exposure on coal miners from different mining regions in France and to relate the outcome to differences in prevalence of coal worker pneumoconiosis (CWP) between these regions. Eight epidemiological groups of active and ex-miners (smokers and non-smokers) have been selected in the French collieries (North, Lorraine and Provence) according to their occupational and pneumoconiotic status. The following biomarkers have been evaluated: cellularity of sputum, elementary analysis of particles in TEM/EDAX, plasma neutral metalloendo peptidase elastase type (NMEP), leucocyte elastase (HLE), fibronectin (FN) and elastin peptides. Pulmonary alveolitis, expressed by sputum cellularity, is different between active workers groups but not related to the general background of pneumoconiosis prevalence in the French collieries. In the plasma parameters, fibronectin, HLE and NMEP significantly increased in all groups of coal mine workers as compared to the control group, except for fibronectin parameter in Lorraine collierie. The degree of increase of these parameters allow us to discriminate the different groups and suggest that plasma FN, HLE and NMEP may be considered as biological markers of chronic inhalation of coal mine dust particles. The decrease of elastin peptides level in the Lorraine group alone suggests a specific alteration of elastin metabolism. These parameters were not related to the development of pneumoconiosis and its degree of severity.     

Some investigations into the nature and cause of massive fibrosis (MF) in the lungs of South African gold, coal, and asbestos mine workers

Samples from fibrotic lung lesions greater than 1 cm in diameter macroscopically (by definition, massive fibrosis; MF) were taken from the lungs of 9 randomly selected post-mortem cases of mine workers all showing a background of a pneumoconiosis. These samples were studied histologically, biochemically, and by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. As controls for the biochemical and X-ray diffraction investigations, nonfibrosed lung tissue was taken from the same specimens. The findings suggest that the higher quartz content may be the primary cause responsible for the MF formation in this series of cases, while other factors such as tuberculosis may play a part according to some relevant literature on MF. Although an area of MF appears macroscopically to be a solid lesion, on microscopy this is not the case and the lesion is composed of dense and sparse collagen bundles and cellular elements.     

Case-control study of silicosis, silica exposure, and lung cancer in white South African gold miners

A case-control study was undertaken to assess the association between lung cancer and silicosis or silica dust exposure in white South African gold miners. Cases and controls were identified from deaths reported to the Gold Miners Provident Fund for the period January, 1979-October, 1983. Two controls were matched to each case by year of birth (+/- 2 years) and by smoking (+/- 5 cigarettes or equivalents per day) assessed 10 years (+/- 2 years) prior to death. One hundred thirty-three matched triplets were identified. The results showed no overall association between lung cancer and radiological silicosis (OR = 1.08, p = 0.92). Autopsy data indicated no overall associations between lung cancer and silicosis of the lung parenchyma (OR = 1.49, p = 0.11), the pleura (OR = 0.72, p = 0.30), or the hilar glands (OR = 0.85, p = 0.72). A trend toward increased severity of silicosis of the parenchyma was evident; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Odds ratios for lung cancer and silicosis were higher at lower levels of cumulative silica dust exposure (ORs = 2.43, 1.72, 1.35 and 0.62 for lung cancer and autopsy silicosis of the parenchyma for the lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of dust exposure, respectively; all p greater than 0.05). Cases did not differ from controls for total silica dust exposure, length of exposure, weighted average intensity of exposure, or number of shifts at high dust (all p greater than 0.20). The data do not support the hypothesis of a carcinogenic role for silica dust and no statistically significant associations were found between lung cancer and silicosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

吸烟在云锡矿工肺癌发病中的作用

本文以1975-1984年为时段,对云南锡业公司所属六个单位工人进行了吸烟情况的调查分析。结果表明,吸烟者的肺癌发病率是非吸烟者的3.65倍。吸烟者的SMR为29.41;非吸烟者为8.42。无论吸烟程度如何,其发病、死亡都是有井下史者高于无井下史者。吸烟与职业性因素的复合作用是:吸烟+井下>单纯井下>单纯吸烟>非吸烟无井下史者。     

煤矿尘肺的尘斑气肿

对８６例煤工尸检肺组织呼吸性细支气和及所属肺泡道发生的尘斑气肿进行了观察。前述部位不同程度煤尘沉着构成尘斑或尘灶。尘灶系呼吸性细支气管壁及肺泡间隔内煤尘沉着不断增多，气腔壁增厚，闭塞或靠扰融合而成。少数尘灶亦可由局灶性肺泡内煤尘细胞聚集填充所致尘斑或尘灶处伴发的肺气肿，意味着组织破坏，肺功能受损。因此，尘斑气肿和尘灶气肿具有同样涵义。     

大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘颗粒的实验研究

本实验用相差显微电影、溶酶体荧光定位和透射电镜等方法,研究了大鼠离体肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘的作用,并用二氧化矽和酵母菌作实验对照。结果表明,煤尘颗粒同二氧化矽类似,经过附着,迅速以吞噬体形式被摄入胞浆,而酵母菌呈典型的伪足包围和缓幔吞噬过程。实验证明,用吖啶橙作活细胞溶酶体定位是有效的。被标记的溶酶体发出强橙色荧光。当煤粒吞噬体进入胞浆后,常被多个溶酶体接触包围,形成次级溶酶体。电镜观察提示,煤尘可引起次级溶酶体膜的损害。     

煤矿工人上消化道疾病的现况研究

目的：探讨煤矿工人上消化道疾病的患病现况,方法：按照整群随机抽样的方法在山东兖州,河北开滦,辽宁铁法选取３０６人,以胃镜进行普查。结果：矿区工人总的上消化道疾病患病率为７７．８％,以红斑性胃炎为主,占各种上消化道疾病的４１．５％井下采煤和掘进作业工人的患病率高于井下其他作业工人,后者的患病率与井上工人的患病率一致,各矿区之间,以山东兖州的工人患病率最高,湖北开滦最低。结论 煤矿工人上消化道疾病患病     

Evaluation of serum type III procollagen peptide as an exposure marker in retired coal workers

Serum type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP), a degradation product of the type III collagen precursor, has been put forward as an exposure marker for mineral dust. We evaluated PIIIP levels as a marker of exposure to and effects of coal dust in retired coal miners (n = 104). To this end: (a) the individual cumulative dust exposure was calculated from job-exposure matrices, and (b) in addition to routine chest radiography (CR) of all miners according to the criteria of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), a subgroup (n = 46) was screened by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Profusion score (CR and HRCT) tended to increase with cumulative dust exposure, even in the absence of CR evidence for pneumoconiosis (i.e. CR , 0/1, n = 35). In contrast to our previous findings in active miners, PIIIP levels were not increased in miners as compared with non-dust-exposed controls (n = 29), and no differences were observed between miners without (ILO = 0/0) and miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP; ILO 0/1). No trend in PIIIP versus pneumoconiosis stage was present, either by CR or by the more sensitive HRCT score. PIIIP was also unrelated to any lung function parameter (FEV₁, FVC, impedance, diffusion capacity). Age, medication, medical history and smoking habits had no significant effect on PIIIP levels. In the miners with CWP (i.e. ILO > 0/0, n = 28) a significant negative correlation was present between PIIIP values and (log) cumulative dust exposure. This decrease in serum PIIIP levels with increasing cumulative exposure may be due to chronic adaptive changes in type III collagen deposition and/or breakdown. Other relations between exposure and PIIIP were not observed. In conclusion, the present findings do not support the use of serum type III procollagen peptide as a marker of exposure to and (early) interstitial or respiratory effects of coal dust.     

实施越冬疗养的煤工尘肺患者生命质量评价

采用自行设计并经过质量检验的调查表,对某矿务局职业病防治院的全部Ⅰ期尘肺虎科疗养前后进行了调查,并采用整群对照的方法,选取未实施越冬疗养的Ⅰ期尘肺患者作对照。结果表明,疗养组越冬疗养前后生命质量的有显著差异,疗养后患者生命质量明显提高;而对照组在越冬前后生命质量无显著改变,说明越冬疗养对煤工尘肺患者生命质量有着积极的作用。