医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤的文献计量学分析

目的: 应用文献计量学方法,分析国内外医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤（Medical adhesive-related skin injuries,MARSI）文献的研究主题和热点。方法: 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、sinoMed、CNKI、Wanfang、VIP等数据库MARSI相关文献,检索时限为建库至2019年5月。采用SPSS 22.0 软件进行文献计量分析,利用gCLUTO统计对国内外高频主题词进行聚类分析。结果: 共纳入论文103篇,其中外文文献占总文献量的27.18%,中文文献占总文献量的72.82%。聚类分析将国内外高频主题词聚为4大类,依次为皮肤损伤及损伤类型、相关危险因素、风险评估及风险管理、护理干预措施。结论: MARSI仍是国内外研究的热点,其发病机制研究仍处于探索阶段,目前尚缺乏有效的预防策略,研究领域较局限。在今后的研究中,应加强MARSI预防的研究、注重多学科合作。     

广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例流行病学分析

目的　了解广东省传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)家庭聚集性病例的流行病学特征 ,探讨家庭因素在本病传播方面的作用。方法　采用统一个案调查表 ,用描述性流行病学方法对广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例进行分析。结果　截至 5月 1 5日止 ,在广东省 1 5 1 2例SARS病例中 ,6 0户家庭出现聚集性病例 ,共 1 91例 ,占全省病例总数的1 2 6 %。家庭聚集性病例的病死率为 9 9% ,高于全省平均病死率 (3 7% ) (P <0 0 1 )。家庭聚集性病例主要发生在2 0 0 3年 1月至 3月 ,占家庭聚集性病例总数的 90 6 % (1 73/ 1 91 )。病例以 30～ 4 9岁青壮年为主 ,占 5 2 9% (1 0 1 / 1 91 ) ;职业以干部职员为主 ,占 1 3 6 % (2 6 / 1 91 ) ,其次为饮食、服务人员 ,占 1 2 6 % (2 4 / 1 91 )。 4 1 7%家庭的首发病例在发病前两周有明确或可疑接触史。在 1 2 9例家庭聚集二代感染病例中可能因陪护或探病感染发病的有 4 2户 ,共 92例 ,占71 3%。首发病例与二代病例发病时间间隔中位数为 7d。结论　家庭聚集性病例的病死率较高 ,家庭聚集性病例有较大比例可能在医院内感染 ,但家庭密切接触也是造成疫情传播的原因之一 ,控制医院内感染和及早对病例进行家庭隔离可以减少聚集性病例的出现     

On a relaxation-labelling algorithm for quantitative assessment of tumour vasculature in tissue section images

Although tumour vasculature constitutes a biological factor playing a crucial role in the radiation response of tumours, the current procedures of assessment are semiquantitative, typically employing visual examination of stained histological material. Such techniques are also time consuming, and inefficient of extracting essential information on the vascular network. Image analysis has yet to contribute significantly in this direction, and most studies to date focus on blood vessel segmentation through empirical, user-selected thresholds. The present paper proposes an alternative segmentation approach, based on a probabilistic relaxation algorithm, applied in microscopic images of stained tissues. After image partitioning various information is obtained, such as vascular domains and geometrical characteristics of vessels.     

Adaptive motor unit action potential clustering using shape and temporal information

An adaptive algorithm is described that groups motor unit action potentials (MUAPs), detected in a composite EMG signal during signal decomposition, and creates partial motor unit action potential trains (MUAPTs). Data-driven MUAP shape and motor unit firing-pattern based criteria are used to form the clusters. An algorithm for estimating MUAPT temporal parameter, which provides accurate estimates even for partially defined trains, is used to obtain firing-pattern information. No a priori knowledge is required regarding the number of clusters or the distribution of their template shapes. The clustering algorithm when applied to real concentric-needle detected MUAP data provides accurate and useful clustering results. Compared to a classical leader-based algorithm, it provides more robust performance, is better able to estimate the true number of motor units represented in a set of detected MUAPs, and obtains more complete and accurate MUAPTs.     

高等军事医学院校教师工作绩效评价

[目的]通过对2所高等军事医学院校教师相关指标进行调查,探讨建立高等军事医学院校人才评价方法及评价指标体系.[方法]运用两因素等级相关分析、指标聚类分析,确定有代表性的指标；用矩阵法求个人综合得分划分层次.[结果]入选的8项评价指标为:军区或总部级研究所或中心、全军级研究所或中心、为首国内核心期刊发表论文数等.[结论]在高等军事医学院校进行教师人才评价及选拔优秀人才过程中,该评价方法及指标体系是可行的.     

Analysis of young children’s abilities to cluster and switch during a verbal fluency task

To investigate developmental changes that take place in verbal fluency (VF) performance during early childhood, a VF task was administered to 225 healthy, Dutch-speaking children aged between 4.14 and 6.89 years. Three categories of VF outcome measures were included: i.e., word productivity, mean cluster size, and number of switches. Age influenced performance on all VF outcome measures linearly; i.e., older children produced more words, made longer clusters, and switched more. Higher levels of intelligence were associated with increased VF word productivity, but not with measures of switching and clustering. When leaving intelligence out of these analyses, we additionally found an interaction between level of parental education (LPE) and sex on total word productivity, i.e., girls with parents who had lower LPE produced fewer words than the other children. Furthermore, a similar interaction of LPE and sex was found for the number of switches: i.e., girls who had parents with lower LPE made fewer switches than the other children. Findings suggest that even in 4 to 6-year-old children important changes take place over time in VF and in processes underlying successful performance. Attention should be paid to age-extrinsic factors, such as LPE and sex, since these have been found to influence VF performance in young children.     

我国卫生区域划分研究

目的:我国不同地区卫生资源发展不平衡,制定区域卫生规划要综合考虑不同地区的经济、社会、人口、健康等方面的状况。方法:利用统计年鉴数据,考虑经济、社会、人口、健康等因素,分别通过主成分分析和因子分析方法计算不同地区的综合得分,然后对综合得分进行聚类分析。结果:主成分分析综合得分和因子分析综合得分的聚类分析将全国以省(自治区、直辖市)为单元划分为6类地区,两种分析方法的分类结果类似。结论:将全国卫生区域分为六类,第一类地区:上海市、北京市;第二类地区:天津市;第三类地区:江苏省、浙江省、广东省;第四类地区:辽宁省、山东省、福建省、内蒙古自治区、吉林省、重庆市、陕西省、湖北省、黑龙江省、山西省、河南省、湖南省、河北省、海南省、四川省、江西省、安徽省;第五类地区为:广西壮族自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省、青海省、贵州省、云南省;第六类地区为:西藏自治区。分类结果基本符合中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的卫生发展实际。     

集束化减压护理技术在糖尿病足神经性溃疡的应用研究

目的：探讨集束化减压护理技术在糖尿病足神经性溃疡愈合中的作用。方法：选取上海市某三级甲等医院糖尿病足专科门诊就诊的老年糖尿病神经性溃疡患者49例,应用集束化减压护理技术,评价其康复效果。对患者的性别、年龄、病程、是否首次发病、复发溃疡次数、Wagner分级、日常生活能力（ADL）、就诊时行走状态、畸形情况、溃疡部位以及愈合时间进行调查。结果：49例神经性溃疡愈合时间为44.86±15.44天,其中有19例为复发性溃疡,占38.77%;患者ADL水平与就诊时行走状态对溃疡愈合时间有影响,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：神经性足溃疡具有高复发率,应给予全程管理和专业支持。集束化减压护理技术对神经性足溃疡愈合起到关键作用,应用过程中需要关注患者自理能力及行走状态,给予专业和家庭支持,促进愈合,预防足溃疡的复发。     

云南省玉龙县纳西族心血管疾病危险因素聚集性的社会经济影响研究

目的分析云南省玉龙县纳西族居民心血管疾病危险因素聚集性的社会经济影响因素.方法采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取1 402名≥35岁的纳西族村民进行问卷调查和现场体检.结果该地村民超重、肥胖、中心性肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、心血管疾病家族史、高盐饮食、被动吸烟、生活压力、情绪低落和缺乏体力活动的检出率、高血压和糖尿病的患病率分别为26.0%、8.9%、39.5%、32.9%、24.5%、10.34%、27.4、21.8%、9.3%、5.2%、32.2%,26.2%和4.1%;仅有6.2%的纳西族居民无心血管疾病危险因素聚集性;男性具有3个及以上危险因素的比例大于女性(P<0.01);户主、文化程度越高者和综合社会经济地位越高者的纳西族居民的心血管疾病危险因素聚集度越低(P<0.05).结论云南省纳西族居民存在较高的心血管疾病危险因素聚集性.应重点加强低社会经济地位以及低受教育水平纳西族居民的心血管疾病的预防和干预工作.     

Multi-site study of surgical practice in neurosurgery based on surgical process models

Surgical Process Modelling (SPM) was introduced to improve understanding the different parameters that influence the performance of a Surgical Process (SP). Data acquired from SPM methodology is enormous and complex. Several analysis methods based on comparison or classification of Surgical Process Models (SPMs) have previously been proposed. Such methods compare a set of SPMs to highlight specific parameters explaining differences between populations of patients, surgeons or systems. In this study, procedures performed at three different international University hospitals were compared using SPM methodology based on a similarity metric focusing on the sequence of activities occurring during surgery. The proposed approach is based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm combined with a clustering algorithm. SPMs of 41 Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) surgeries were acquired at three Neurosurgical departments; in France, Germany, and Canada. The proposed approach distinguished the different surgical behaviors according to the location where surgery was performed as well as between the categorized surgical experience of individual surgeons. We also propose the use of Multidimensional Scaling to induce a new space of representation of the sequences of activities. The approach was compared to a time-based approach (e.g. duration of surgeries) and has been shown to be more precise. We also discuss the integration of other criteria in order to better understand what influences the way the surgeries are performed. This first multi-site study represents an important step towards the creation of robust analysis tools for processing SPMs. It opens new perspectives for the assessment of surgical approaches, tools or systems as well as objective assessment and comparison of surgeon’s expertise.