实验家兔莱姆病血液学研究

本实验复制了莱姆病实验家兔模型，对血液生化23项进行了动态观察。结果表明，血液中谷丙转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、β-羟丁酸脱氢酶、磷酸肌酸激酶、胆固醇、尿素氮随病情加重而升高。葡萄糖、尿酸、磷随病情加重而减低。     

对我国目前麻风防治策略的思考

1949-2008年我国累计登记麻风患者48万余例,主要分布在北纬38°以南的东南沿海和长江流域省份.新中国成立后,经过积极防治,至20世纪80年代初,以氨苯砜单疗治愈的患者达31万余例;1986年在全国普遍推广WHO联合化疗方案,至2008年底全国累计接受联合化疗的麻风患者近8万例.     

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the leaf essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eugenia zuchowskiae</Emphasis> from Monteverde,Costa Rica

The leaf essential oil of Eugenia zuchowskiae from Monteverde, Costa Rica, has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. The principal constituents of E. zuchowskiae leaf oil were α-pinene (28.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (13.1%), and α-copaene (8.1%). The leaf essential oil of E. zuchowskiae showed pronounced in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and UACC-257 human tumor cell lines. The major components showed cytotoxic activities comparable to doxorubicin (LC₅₀ 14–70 μg/ml).     

Chemical traumatization of adult mouse olfactory epithelium in situ stimulates growth and differentiation of olfactory neurons in vitro

This study demonstrates that ZnSO₄ induced chemical trauma results in an in situ regeneration of the olfactory epithelium which, when maintained in vitro, provides an enriched population of olfactory neurons. Therefore, the ability of the olfactory epithelium to respond to chemical trauma with increased mitotic activity can be used to increase growth of neurons in culture. Tissue obtained from normal or vehicle-treated adult mice produced few olfactory neurons, when maintained in culture, compared to cultures established from tissue following an in situ ZnSO₄ trauma. Maximal neuronal yields were obtained in cultures established from tissue that was removed 4–6 days following chemical trauma. The morphological appearance and the presence of cell specific intermediate filament proteins were used to classify the cell types in these olfactory epithelial cultures. Single cells and aggregates of cells which were immunopositive for keratin, but immunonegative for neurofilament protein and GFAP, were identified as epithelioid. Flattened polygonal cells immunopositive for GFAP were identified as glia. A small population of flattened cells was immunonegative for all of the antibodies used in this study. Cells that had processes were immunonegative for GFAP and keratin. Some were immunopositive for 200 kDa and 160 kDa neurofilament proteins but immunonegative for the 68 kDa neurofilament protein. A few of these cells showed positive immunoreactivity with the olfactory marker protein (OMP) antibody and most likely represented the most mature olfactory neurons in the cultures. This trauma-induced culture model using olfactory tissue from adult mice can serve as a source of CNS neurons for comparison with cultured embryonic neurons.     

化学染发剂和冷烫精的毒性及对人体健康影响的调查研究

本文通过化学染发剂和冷烫精对大白鼠骨髓多染红细胞，毛囊细胞的微核实验及人群健康影响调查，结果表明化学染发剂，冷烫清具有较强致突变作用，两者同时使用致突变明显增强，并提出研制高效无毒染发剂和加强防护的重要性。     

The Post Therapy Breast

Both systemic and local therapy, for conditions of the breast and unrelated to it, may produce manuno-graphic changes. Some of these are characteristic, such as the pattern of scarring seen in reduction mammo-plasty. In many other instances, however, the changes produced overlap features commonly seen in malignancy. A knowledge of the timing, natural history and spectrum of these changes will aid mammographic interpretation.     

Airborne emissions at skin surfaces: a potential biological exposure index

 Dermal exposures of methanol were administered in a clinical study designed to compare several biological indicators. Four subjects were exposed in five exposure sessions of varying length. In each session, a sequence of measurements of methanol concentrations in blood, breath, and headspace samples of air at exposed and unexposed skin were collected before and after dermal exposures. Skin headspace samples, collected in gas sampling bags, were designed to reflect equilibrium skin: air partitioning. At exposed skin, headspace samples were highly elevated for at least 8 h following exposure, indicating the presence of a methanol reservoir in skin. After exposure, methanol concentrations at exposed skin showed a rapid initial decline, then a slower first-order decrease. Methanol concentrations were clearly detectable in headspace samples at unexposed skin. Substantial transfer from exposed skin occurred due to mechanical contact and washing. When transfer was restricted, surface concentrations at unexposed skin were similar to levels in breath and were strongly correlated to methanol concentrations in blood. While results are preliminary due to the small sample sizes and several unresolved experimental issues, the simple, rapid, and noninvasive skin headspace measurements appear useful as a biological exposure indicator that clearly shows the presence and site of a dermal exposure, and measurements at unexposed skin reflect concentrations in blood. Received: 14 March 1995/Accepted: 3 November 1995     

三匹风总黄酮的提取

本研究探讨了中草药“三匹风”主要成份之一的黄酮类化合物的提取方法和化学鉴定法。经实验优选,确定采用70％乙醇提取法分离提取三匹风中的总黄酮成份。     

Yucatan Pig: An Optimal Hairless Model for a True Random Cutaneous Flap

Porcine models have been used extensively for skin flap research because of the established similarity between the cutaneous blood supply of the swine and humans. The Yucatan minipig provides an excellent model for researching the properties of random cutaneous flaps, offering several advantages over other breeds of swine. In this study, a total of 67 random cutaneous dorsal flank flaps measuring 4 × 14 cm were raised on nine Yucatan minipigs. The mean survival length (10.03 ± 1.60 cm) of the nondelayed flaps was greater than others reported in the literature. The well-defined plane between the subcutaneous tissue and the panniculus carnosus facilitated flap elevation consistently above the level of the panniculus carnosus thereby ensuring the creation of a true random cutaneous flap. Furthermore, the hairless nature of the skin, particularly beneficial in studying chemical peels, permits easy visualization and monitoring of any external skin changes. These advantages make the Yucatan minipig a more desirable alternative to other breeds of swine for use in skin flap research.     

汽车安全气囊所致的眼外伤

目的：报告了因汽车安全气囊造成的眼外伤及化学性烧伤。希望引起眼科同仁的高度重视．方法：４例病人均是进口高档小卧车，在发生碰撞时因汽车安全气囊高速膨胀打开及气囊破裂所致的眼损伤及化学烧伤．分析了汽车型号及种类，事故发生时的速度，眼损伤的类型和视力情况．结果：第一例病人为碱性化学性角膜炎伴虹膜根部离断及瞳孔括约肌破裂而造成瞳孔扩大；第二例病人为近视镜片致角巩膜板层撕裂伤；第三例病人为广泛角膜擦伤伴前房出血；第四例病人为视网膜水肿出血伴后极部脉络膜裂伤．结论：安全气囊能保护生命降低致伤率，但因气囊的冲击力量引起的机械损伤和气囊中强碱性气体导致的化学烧伤更要引起国内眼科医生的注意．