头孢西酮钠对临床分离细菌感染小鼠的保护作用

目的 探讨头孢西酮钠对临床分离菌株感染小鼠的保护作用。方法 给小鼠腹腔注射临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌，感染后皮下注射头孢西酮钠，观察记录感染后小鼠的生存率。结果 头孢西酮钠10mg／kg、20mg／kg和40mg/kg能显著降低中间葡萄球菌R1725株、金黄色葡萄球菌R1743株、铜绿假单胞菌R1620株、铜绿假单胞菌R1598株、大肠埃希菌R1598株、大肠埃希菌W1867株和D群肠球菌W1999株感染小鼠的死亡率。结论 头孢西酮钠对临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌感染小鼠有显著的保护作用。     

A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study on Intravenous Cefazedone Sodium in Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia

Background:

As a time-dependent antibiotic, the time of cefazedone concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the key pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) variable associated with the killing of pathogens. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical regimen rationality of intravenous cefazedone sodium in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by PK/PD study.

Methods:

Ten patients with mild to moderate CAP were enrolled to receive intravenous cefazedone sodium (2 g q12 h) for 7–14 days. Blood samples were collected in any day during day 5–7. Sputum specimens were collected before treatment for bacteria isolated, and susceptibility to cefazedone determined. PK-PD analysis was performed using the noncompartmental analysis of Phoenix WinNolin software (version 6.1, Pharsight Corporation, CA, USA). The maximal time above MIC (ƒT > MIC) was calculated, and its correlation with clinical efficacy was analyzed.

Results:

All 10 patients completed the study and 8 of them were cured. Six strains were isolated from patients before treatment (one for each patient) and all susceptible to cefazedone. Five patients of six in culture positive group were cured. All pathogens were cleared at the end of therapy. The MICs were between 0.25 and 1 mg/L. The main PK parameters were C_max 175.22 ± 36.28 mg/L; T_½ 1.52 ± 0.23 h; AUC_(0–∞) 280.51 ± 68.17 mg·L^-1·h^-1; CL 7.37 ± 1.84 L/h; Vd 16.06 ± 4.42 L. The average ƒT > MIC was 55.45 ± 8.12%.

Conclusions:

Intravenous injection of cefazodone sodium with 2 g q12 h dosage regimen is used in the treatment of CAP caused by sensitive bacteria, either ƒT > MIC or clinical efficacy shows that such dosing regimen is reasonable.     

GC法测定头孢西酮钠中二甲基甲酰胺的限量

目的建立GC法测定二甲基甲酰胺限量的方法。方法气相顶空进样法,程序升温,Variancp7596石英毛细管柱,丁酮为内标物质,以1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮为溶剂进行测定。结果二甲基甲酰胺在12·38~247·65μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0·9998,平均回收率99·4%,RSD=0·7%(n=6)。结论该方法测定二甲基甲酰胺的限量,干扰少,重现性好。     

Antibiotic single-dose prophylaxis of shunt infections

Shunt infections after implantation or revision of a shunt for CSF drainage in hydrocephalic patients are serious complications. In view of their frequency, this study investigated the efficacy of prophylactic administration of a single dose of the antibiotic cefazedone in reducting in the post-operative infection rate.Fifty children of up to 14 years of age suffering from hydrocephalus of various etiologies were treated prophylactically and compared with a similar untreated group.The diagnosis of infection was based mainly on microbiological and clinical observations and investigations. Classical infection parameters were also recorded and evaluated, but played only a secondary role in establishing the diagnosis as they can change post-operatively without an infection being present.The infection rates observed were 6% in the group of patients who received antibiotic treatment prophylactically and 14% in the untreated control group.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定头孢西酮钠原料药的含量及有关物质

目的建立头孢西酮钠含量测定及有关物质测定的HPLC法。方法反相高效液相色谱法，流动相：0．2mol／L的磷酸二氢钾：乙腈=85：15；检测波长为280；流速为1ml／min；进样量：20td。结果头孢西酮钠在0．0804～0．294mg／ml浓度范围内峰面积与浓度线性关系良好，r=0．99999，最低检限为0．02ng，本方法的重复性与精密性良好（RSD％：0．23％，n=6）经专属性试验，可知杂质峰与主峰分离良好，理论塔板数均大于4000，分离度均大于3。该方法的平均回收率为100．62％（n=9）。结论该方法简便，灵敏度高，结果准确，可用于头孢西酮钠原料药含量及有关物质的检测。     

头孢西酮钠治疗急性呼吸道细菌感染临床研究

目的 评价头孢西酮钠治疗急性呼吸道细菌感染的临床疗效和安全性.方法 采用随机、单盲、平行对照设计,试验组35例应用头孢西酮钠,每次2 g,每日2次静脉滴注.对照组37例应用头孢唑林钠,每次2 g,每日2次静脉滴注.疗程均为5～14d.共入选病例72例,剔除1例,脱落5例,可评价66例,试验组34例,对照组32例,安全性评价71例.结果 试验组和对照组有效率分别为91.18%(31/34)和78.12%(25/32),细菌清除率分别为80.00%(20/25)、84.00%(21/25),不良反应发生率分别为22.86%(8/35)、16.67%(6/36),两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 头孢西酮钠治疗急性呼吸道细菌感染安全、有效.