羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极伏安法测定多巴胺

目的 :研究用羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极伏安法测定痕量多巴胺 (DA)的效果。方法 :采用涂布法制成羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰电极 ;在pH =5 .4的KH2 PO4 Na2 HPO4缓冲溶液中 ,采用该修饰电极伏安法测定DA。结果 :该修饰电极对DA有着显著的电催化作用 ,与裸玻碳电极相比较 ,其灵敏度大大提高 ,在2 .0× 10 -7～ 6 .0× 10 -4mol/L浓度范围内 ,DA的氧化峰电流与浓度成良好的线性关系 ,检测限为 5 .0× 10 -8mol/L。将该修饰电极用于盐酸多巴胺针剂的测定 ,相对平均偏差为 1.4 % ,平均回收率为 99.2 %。结论 :该修饰电极响应快 ,灵敏度高 ,稳定性好 ,寿命长 ,适合于具有电活性生物分子的测定     

Central nervous system involvement in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: Overview of causes,diagnosis, and care

Arthrogryposis or AMC, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, is defined as multiple congenital joint contractures in more than two joints and in different body areas. The common cause of all AMC is lack of movement in utero, which in turn can have different causes, one of which is CNS involvement. Intellectual disability/CNS involvement is found in approximately 25% of all AMC. AMC with CNS involvement includes a large number of genetic syndromes. So far, more than 400 genes have been identified as linked to AMC, with and without CNS involvement. A number of neonatally lethal syndromes and syndromes resulting in severe disability due to CNS malfunction belong to this group of syndromes. There are several X‐linked disorders with AMC, which are primarily related to intellectual disability. A number of neuromuscular disorders may include AMC and CNS/brain involvement. Careful clinical evaluation by a geneticist and a pediatrician/pediatric neurologist is the first step in making a specific diagnosis. Further investigations may include MRI of the brain and spinal cord, electroencephalogram, blood chemistry for muscle enzymes, other organ investigations (ophtalmology, cardiology, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems). Nerve conduction studies, electromyogram, and muscle pathology may be of help when there is associated peripheral nervous system involvement. But most importantly, genetic investigations with targeted or rather whole exome or genome sequencing should be performed. A correct diagnosis is important in planning adequate treatment, in genetic counselling and also for future understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and possible new treatments. A multidiciplinary team is needed both in investigation and treatment.     

重症监护病房中呼吸机相关肺炎的病原学和耐药性特征

目的探讨重症监护病房（ICU）中呼吸机相关肺炎（VAP）的流行病学、病原菌分布、耐药性特征。方法对广州市3所三级甲等医院ICU发生VAP的53例患者进行前瞻性研究，对病原菌进行细菌鉴定和耐药性分析。结果VAP平均发病时间为机械通气后7．8d。97株病原菌中革兰阴性细菌58株（59．8％），革兰阳性细菌23株（23．7％），真菌16株（16．5％）。最常见病原菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌16株（16．5％），金黄色葡萄球菌13株（13．4％），嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌8株（8．2％），肺炎克雷伯菌8株（8．2％），白色念珠菌8株（8．2％）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为100．0％；未发现耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌；VAP病原菌存在严重的多重耐药性。结论ICU中VAP的病原菌构成以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主且呈现多重耐药现象，适当的经验性抗菌治疗应以病原学和耐药性的监测结果为依据。     

Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Cavity with Sinusoidal Temperature Distribution Using Cu/Water Nanofluid: Double MRT Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this study, natural convection flow in a porous cavity with sinusoidal temperature distribution has been analyzed by a new double multi relaxation time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We consider a copper/water nanofluid filling a porous cavity. For simulating the temperature and flow fields, D2Q5 and D2Q9 lattices are utilized respectively, and the effects of different Darcy numbers (Da) (0.001-0.1) and various Rayleigh numbers (Ra) ($10^3$-$10^5$) for porosity ($ε$) between 0.4 and 0.9 have been considered. Phase deviation ($θ$) changed from 0 to $π$ and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (Ø) varied from 0 to 6%. The present results show a good agreement with the previous works, thus confirming the reliability the new numerical method proposed in this paper. It is indicated that the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Darcy number, porosity, Rayleigh number, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and phase deviation. However, the most sensitive parameter is the Rayleigh number. The maximum Nusselt deviation is 10%, 32% and 33% for Ra=$10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5$, respectively, with $ε = 0.4$ to $ε = 0.9$. It can be concluded that the effect of Darcy number on the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Rayleigh number, yielding a maximum enhancement of the average Nusselt number around 12% and 61% for Ra=$10^3$ and Ra=$10^5$, respectively.     

医院多通道冗余信息网建设

本文首先介绍了浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院的概况与网络建设需求,然后提出了大中型医院信息网建设的设计原则。依据这些设计原则,提出了医院多通道冗余信息网建设的技术实现方案。经过长时间的运行,证明多通道冗余信息网是稳定可靠的。     

55例多梗塞性痴呆患者脑脊液TNF和NSE的测定及其临床意义

目的　研究多梗塞性痴呆 (MID)患者脑脊液 (CSF)中肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)和神经元特异性烯醇酶 (NSE)的含量变化及临床意义。方法　采用放射免疫分析法对 55例MID患者CSF中TNF α进行测定 ;采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定NSE浓度。并与同期住院的 72例脑梗塞 (CI)患者及 3 2例神经系统功能性疾病 (Control)患者进行比较。患者的智能水平测定采用简易智能量表(MMSE) ,并参考Hachinski缺血评分及DSM Ⅳ诊断标准。结果　MID急性发作期及CI急性期CSF中TNF α、NSE的浓度均非常显著高于Control组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;MID稳定期及CI恢复期CSF中TNF α的浓度显著高于Control组 (P <0 .0 5) ;MID稳定期CSF中TNF α的浓度同CI恢复期组差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。而MID稳定期CSF中NSE浓度低于Control组和CI恢复期组 (P <0 .0 5)。各组CSF中TNF α、NSE的浓度与MMSE评分无显著相关性 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　MID急性发作期与稳定期患者CSF中TNF α、NSE含量呈非一致性变化。MID患者CSF中TNF α、NSE含量变化可能客观地反映患者脑细胞缺血缺氧性损害。但TNF α、NSE含量变化不能直接反应MID患者的智能状态。     

儿童先天性心脏病各分型致病因素的多因多果研究

目的 为制定先天性心脏病一级预防措施提供科学的参考依据,方法 对５１０例先天性心脏病（ＣＨＤ）患儿进行１：２病例对照配对调查,其中室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、法乐氏综合征和动脉导管未闭４种主要分型ＣＨＤ各１０２例,其他分型ＣＨＤ共１０２例,在建立总的不分型ＣＨＤ与各危险因素的条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型并筛选出ＣＨＤ总的危险因素之后,采用多个因素量和多个自变量的条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型,对各分型ＣＨＤ与可     

20世纪中医药学的多学科研究概述

回顾性分析20世纪中医药学的多学科研究概况，以新中国成立为界分为前后两个阶段，通过对相关资料及文献的综合分析，认为中医药学的发展在很长时间内呈现一脉相承的特点，20世纪初，随着中西医汇通思潮的兴起，客观上促进了中医药多学科研究的发展，近50年的中医药多学科研究，尤其是近20年的多学科渗透，更进一步带动了中医药多学科研究的发展。     

多层CT作肺血管分期造影对肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉的评估

目的 探索多层螺旋CT作肺血管分期造影的可能性和评价肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉的临床价值。方法 用多层螺旋CT对73例肺门区肺癌患者进行研究。分两段对比剂注射，结合三个扫描程序作肺血管分期造影，根据肺动脉被侵犯的不同部位和程度分为三度。按盲法评价图像并与手术和病理对照。结果 肺动脉分期造影成功的共68例(93.15％，68/73)。肺动脉I度侵犯者4例(5．88％，4／68)，Ⅱ度侵犯者9例(13．23％，9/68)，Ⅲ度侵犯者55例(80．88％，55/68)。I度者全部作肺叶切除;Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度者的肺叶切除率有显著性差异(x^2＝64．03，P＜0.005)；Ⅲa度与Ⅲb度者的肺叶切除率也有显著性差异(x^2＝68．69，P＜0.005)，Ⅲc度全部放弃手术。结论 多层螺旋CT作肺血管分期造影能更好地显示肺癌侵犯中央肺动脉的部位和程度，为选择外科治疗方案提供更多的影像学依据。