连续性血液净化治疗多脏器功能障碍综合征22例临床观察

目的观察连续性血液净化（continuous blood purification,CBP）治疗多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的临床疗效。方法22例MODS患者进行床旁血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）治疗,观察患者治疗前后血压、心率、肾功能、电解质、动脉血气分析、C-反应蛋白（C—reactive protein,CRP）指标的变化及预后。结果22例患者均可耐受治疗,治疗后血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酊（SCr）、血清尿酸（UA）、CRP明显下降,电解质及酸碱平衡维持稳定,脱水量均可达预期目标。结论CBP能有效救治MODS患者,其血流动力学稳定,毒素清除能力强,能维持水、电解质及酸碱平衡,减轻炎症反应。     

CVVHDF模式在治疗重症急性胰腺炎的应用

目的探讨选用连续性静脉一静脉血液滤过透析（CVVHDF）模式治疗重症急性胰腺炎。方法对2011年1月至2013年6月我院中心ICU收治的24例急性重症胰腺炎进行回顾性分析。将24例患者随机分为两组,对照组14例给予胰腺炎常规治疗（禁食、胃肠减压、抑制胰酶分泌等）。治疗组在采用常规治疗同时联合床边CRRT治疗模式选择为：持续血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）。治疗72h后,比较两组治疗前后平均动脉压（MAP,）肌酐,尿素,尿量,降钙素原,C反应蛋白,乳酸变化情况。结果治疗组肌酐、乳酸、降钙素原、C反应蛋白显著下降,尿量增多,有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。对照组研究数据无明显差异。结论CVVHDF治疗重症急性胰腺炎可显著降低肌酐、乳酸、降钙素原、C反应蛋白,增加尿量,改善多脏器功能,值得临床推广。     

CVVHDF治疗重症急性胰腺炎伴急性肾功能衰竭的护理

连续性血液净化，是目前临床上一种新的生命支持技术。它对清除血液中的中、小分子物质、超滤清除体内过多水分，对各种炎症介质的清除作用已在许多研究中得以证实口’，成为急救医学的重要部分，对降低重危患者的死亡率有重要意义。现将我们在对5例重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）伴急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）应用连续性静脉——静脉血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）救治过程中的护理体会报告如下。     

Heparin versus prostacyclin in continuous hemodiafiltration for acute renal failure: Effects on platelet function in the systemic circulation and across the filter

Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) is the treatment of choice for critically-ill patients suffering from acute renal failure (ARF). One major problem of extracorporeal circuits is their thrombogenicity, which requires pharmacological blockade of primary (platelet-dependent) or secondary (plasmatic) haemostasis, increasing the patient's bleeding risk.Our study assessed platelet function during CVVHDF, comparing anticoagulant versus antiplatelet pharmacological strategies, commonly used to avoid circuit clotting. Twenty-three critically-ill patients with ARF, requiring CVVHDF were randomized to a prostacyclin analogue (PGI) or to unfractionated heparin (UFH). Ex vivo platelet function, assessed by optical aggregometry (OPA) induced by collagen or ADP, was studied in peripheral blood at baseline, 4 and 24 hrs after starting CVVHDF, and at 4 hrs within the circuit, before and after the filter (n = 9). Coagulation was also monitored.PGI significantly inhibited ADP-induced OPA of peripheral platelets: maximal aggregation (T_max) was reduced at 4 and 24 hrs by 20%, while collagen-induced T_max was significantly reduced at 4 hrs only. In the UFH group, collagen-induced OPA in peripheral platelets was significantly inhibited: slopes of OPA tracings were decreased by 25%, lag time was prolonged by 22%, T_max decreased by 10% already at 4 hrs. ADP-induced OPA showed a similar, but non-significant trend. UFH expectedly prolonged aPTT. In the UFH group, platelet responsiveness to collagen was significantly increased by 30% in post-filter versus pre-filter samples. This effect was blunted in the PGI group.UFH does not protect platelets from filter-induced activation and is associated with a reduced function of systemic platelets. Platelet-inhibiting agents might better prevent the activatory effect of the filter.     

血液净化技术对小儿急性肝功能衰竭病例的疗效

目的 探讨血浆置换(PE)联合连续性血液透析滤过(CVVHDF)治疗小儿急性肝功能衰竭的临床效果和安全性.方法 应用PE+CVVHDF技术对重症监护病房15例急性肝功能衰竭患儿进行治疗,比较治疗前后总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、血氨、昏迷评分及临床症状的改善程度,同时观察治疗的不良反应,并进行治疗安全性评价.结果 ①经PE+CVVHDF治疗后总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、国际标准化比率、血氨均较治疗前明显下降(t值分别为5.724、5.390、5.321、4.532、4.038、3.06、3.112,均P<0.01);②患儿治疗后意识状态好转(昏迷评分升高),与治疗前比较差异具用统计学意义(t=2.183,P<0.05);黄疸、乏力、恶心、呕吐、腹胀等症状明显缓解;③转归:11例患儿肝功能恢复正常出院,2例治疗过程中死亡,2例因个人原因放弃治疗,后电话随访死亡;④15例患儿治疗过程无1例过敏、血栓等不良反应出现.结论 血浆置换联合连续性血液透析滤过治疗小儿急性肝功能衰竭具有良好的效果,且无明显的不良反应,具有临床应用价值.     

静脉-静脉血液透析滤过治疗严重脓毒症患者的护理

目的探讨连续性床旁静脉-静脉血液透析滤过（CVVHDF）用于严重脓毒症患者的临床疗效及护理。方法对16例实施CVVHDF治疗的严重脓毒症患者,观察治疗后24、48、72h患者体温（T）、心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、动脉血氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）、肌酐、尿素氮及急性生理与慢性健康评分（APACHEⅡ评分）的变化。结果治疗48-72h后严重脓毒症患者的T、HR、MAP、PaO2／FiO2、肌酐、尿素氮、APACHEⅡ评分等指标明显改善,治疗前后差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论CVVHDF是治疗严重脓毒症患者的有效手段,做好CVVHDF的护理是保证治疗顺利进行和减少并发症的关键。     

Prognostic value, kinetics and effect of CVVHDF on serum of the myoglobin and creatine kinase in critically ill patients with rhabdomyolysis

BACKGROUND: (I) To investigate the kinetics of the myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK) in rhabdomyolysis. Especially to describe those patients in whom an isolated increase in the myoglobin or the CK occurred at a later stage. (II) To evaluate the sensitivity of the myoglobin and the CK as prognostic tools for the development of Acute renal failure (ARF). (III) To investigate the effect of continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) on the myoglobin elimination in ARF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective and retrospective cohort study carried out in an ICU of a university hospital. A total of 47 critically ill patients with rhabdomyolysis and a plasma myoglobin > 5000 microg l(-1) were admitted between July 1998 and July 2003. RESULTS: (I) The myoglobin peaked 0.66 +/- 0.6 days before the CK. The elimination kinetics of the myoglobin was faster than for the CK. (II) Fifty percent developed ARF. Mortality in the ARF patients was 52% compared to 14% in the non-ARF patients. The sensitivity and specificity of developing ARF were higher with the myoglobin in comparison to the CK. (III) In non-ARF, t(1/2) CK was 25.5 h and t(1/2) myoglobin was 17 h (13-23). In those with ARF treated with CVVHDF, t(1/2) CK was 24.8 and t(1/2) myoglobin was 21 h (17-29). CONCLUSION: (I) The myoglobin peaked earlier than the CK. (II) The myoglobin was a better prognostic tool than the CK. However, the myoglobin also has a wide interindividual range. (III) Though the myoglobin is eliminated in ultrafiltration t(1/2) myoglobin, it was not faster in patients with ARF treated with CVVHDF compared to non-ARF patients.     

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目的探讨连续性静-静脉血液透析/滤过(CVVHDF)对小儿急性肝功能衰竭的治疗作用。方法 2009年5月至2010年5月期间,采用CVVHDF辅助治疗上海交通大学附属儿童医院重症监护病房(PICU)收治的急性肝功能衰竭患儿共5例。其中男2例,女3例。年龄10个月至5岁。入院时发病时间3～14d。药物性肝损(对乙酰氨基酚)3例,严重脓毒症合并肝损1例,阑尾炎术后门静脉炎引起的肝损1例。肝性脑病分级:2级1例,3级2例,4级2例。观察治疗前后病情及肝功能指标,并观察处理并发症。结果 CVVHDF治疗开始时间为入院后(2～24h),治疗时间为(24～144h),5例患儿中治愈3例,自动出院1例,死亡1例。CVVHDF治疗后12h,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)从(3888.76±2373.60)U/L下降至(3284.80±1974.80)U/L,治疗后24～48h继续下降,差异有统计学意义(F=3.58,P<0.05);CVVHDF治疗后12h,血氨从(209.00±53.61)μmol/L下降至(158.80±60.93)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义,以后继续好转(F=3.75,P<0.05)。CVVHDF治疗后12...