Assisting students with autism to cooperate with their peers to perform computer mouse collaborative pointing operation on a single display simultaneously

The purpose of this study was to provide students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) the chance to cooperate with their peers to perform computer mouse collaborative pointing operation. In this study, we adopted the Single Display Groupware (SDG) concept to develop the Multiple Cursor Collaborative Operating Program (MCCOP) software, which allows multiple users to operate a single computer simultaneously without interfering with each other. With the implementation of MCCOP software, users control their own cursors to perform a function in their respective cursor moving areas on a single display. A collaborative pointing test software (CPTS) program was designed in this experiment to evaluate participants’ collaborative pointing performance. This study adopted an ABAB design, and the experimental results show that all participants significantly increased their collaborative pointing performance during the intervention phase, compared to the baseline phase. Practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed.     

西安市学龄前儿童气质类型现况调查

目的 分析西安市学龄前儿童气质类型的分布特点,为家长、幼教工作者采取科学的育儿方法提供参考依据。方法 于2014年10月采用随机整群抽样的方法选择西安市东、西、南、北4个郊区和城区的幼儿园各1所,每个幼儿园大、中、小班各抽取30%~50%班级共1 111名儿童,在父母或监护人知情同意后进行问卷匿名填写。问卷包括一般情况问卷、3~7岁儿童气质量表两部分。结果 1)西安市学龄前儿童气质类型的分布:平易(E)型、中间偏易(I-E)型、发动缓慢(S)型、中间偏烦(I-D)型、麻烦(D)型分别为38.52%、36.91%、12.51%、8.46%、3.60%;个性分布以E+ I-E为主(>70%),D+ I-D最少(<13%)。2)各年龄段气质类型的分布差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);S型女童高于男童(P < 0.01)。3)与常模及北京市儿童比较,差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);而与上海、广州比较,中间型、D型的百分率低(P均<0.05)、E型高(P均< 0.01)。各年龄段按性别分层分析后显示:4岁女童S型百分率高于男童(15.60% vs.8.57%,P=0.05);5岁女童D型高于男童(6.89% vs.1.25%,P<0.05),而I-E型低于男童(25.12% vs.38.75%,P<0.05)。结论 西安市学龄前儿童气质类型以E+I-E型为主。气质类型的分布受性别、地域的影响,而与年龄无关。家长及教育工作者应该按照其气质类型采取适当的教育方法,促进儿童健康成长。