异体硬脊膜桥接周围神经缺损的实验研究

探讨异体硬脊膜修复周围神经缺损的可行性。方法：采用狗的异体硬脊膜桥接缺损２ｃｍ的狗腓总神经，对照组仅切取２ｃｍ神经而不作处理。在术后不同时间段作大体观察、神经电生理检测、光镜利电镜检查。结果：再生神经纤维在管腔内呈纵行整齐排列Ｔ偕窬宋峤岣弧＝崧郏菏5验结果证实异体硬脊膜能成功地引导周围神经再生。     

Do bonding and bridging social capital affect self-rated health,depressive mood and cognitive decline in older Japanese? A prospective cohort study

Little is known regarding the longitudinal effects of bonding and bridging social capital on health. This study examined the longitudinal associations of bonding and bridging social capital with self-rated health, depressive mood, and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese. Data analyzed in this study were from the 2010 (baseline) and 2012 (follow-up) Hatoyama Cohort Study. Bonding social capital was assessed by individual perception of homogeneity of the neighborhood (the level of homogeneity among neighbors) and of networks (the amount of homogeneous personal networks) in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Bridging social capital was assessed by individual perception of heterogeneity of networks (the amount of heterogeneous personal networks) in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the effects of baseline social capital on poor health outcome at follow-up by logistic regression analysis. In total, 681 people completed baseline and follow-up surveys. The mean age of participants was 71.8 ± 5.1 years, and 57.9% were male. After adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, comorbidity, functional capacity, baseline score of each outcome, and other bonding/bridging social capital, stronger perceived neighborhood homogeneity was inversely associated with poor self-rated health (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30–1.00) and depressive mood assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34–0.99). When participants who reported a depressive mood at baseline were excluded, stronger perceived heterogeneous network was inversely associated with depressive mood (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19–0.87). Neither bonding nor bridging social capital was significantly associated with cognitive decline assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. In conclusion, bonding and bridging social capital affect health in different ways, but they both have beneficial effects on the health of older Japanese. Our findings suggest that intervention focusing on bonding and bridging social capital may improve various health outcomes in old age.     

MIPPO结合NCB万向锁定板在老年股骨转子间骨折的运用

目的探讨运用MIPPO(微侵入钢板插入技术)结合NCB万向锁定板在老年股骨转子间骨折的治疗效果。方法运用MIPPO结合NCB万向锁定板对2013年7月至2015年10月收治的35例老年转子间骨折患者进行治疗,男21例,女14例;右髖16例,左髖19例;年龄为68~92岁,平均年龄83.5岁,Evans分型Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型10例,Ⅴ型7例。术前对患者均行骨盆正蛙位X光片和CT扫描,记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症情况、骨折愈合时间及末次随访时髖关节Harris评分等,初步分析该方法治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效和经验。结果本组患者手术时间平均为50.2 min(40~65 min),术中出血量平均为180 m L(150~230 m L)。35例患者术后均获得平均15.6个月(12~39个月)随访,1例出现术后内固定松脱后再行半髖置换治疗,34例术后均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间7.8个月(6~9个月)。术后末次随访时34例患者髖关节Harris评分平均为84.5分(75~90分)。结论 MIPPO结合NCB万向锁定板对于老年股骨转子间骨折治疗是有效、可靠的治疗方法,特别对于骨质疏松型股骨转子间骨折,微创MIPPO结合NCB万向锁定板可以达到更好的复位和早期稳定,是对老年股骨转子间骨折微创治疗方法的有益探索。     

Sample Size Estimation of Multiregional Clinical Trials with Heterogeneous Variability Across Regions

In recent years, global collaboration has become a conventional strategy for new drug development. To accelerate the development process and shorten approval time, the design of multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs) incorporates subjects from many countries around the world under the same protocol. After showing the overall efficacy of a drug in all global regions, one can also simultaneously evaluate the possibility of applying the overall trial results to all regions and subsequently support drug registration in each of them. Several statistical methods have been proposed for the design and evaluation of MRCTs. Most of these approaches, however, assume a common variability of the primary endpoint across regions. In practice, this assumption may not be true, due to differences across regions (e.g., differences in ethnic factors and/or medical culture/practice). In this article, we use a random-effect model for modeling heterogeneous variability across regions for the design and evaluation of MRCTs. We also address consideration on the determination of the number of subjects in a specific region to establish the consistency of treatment effects between the specific region and the entire group.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者不同抗血小板方案对乳内动脉桥血管通畅率影响的临床研究

目的:对比研究非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后,分别运用单抗(阿司匹林)与双抗(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷)抗血小板治疗后,对远期乳内动脉桥血管通畅率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2005年01月至2005年12月,在安贞医院心脏外科固定手术组行OPCABG并顺利出院的230例患者的临床资料,并对其进行随访。结果:随访时间为150个月,随访期内心脏相关死亡54例(16.4%)。两组前降支通畅率分别为65.8%、66.4%(P>0.05)。结论:对于OPCABG的患者,无论给与双抗或单抗,其远期效果并无明显差异,但短期内前降支通畅率变化趋势,双抗组优于单抗组。     

Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Elective Surgical Procedures: A Meta-analysis

Objective: The study objective was to determine if peri-operative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation is beneficial or harmful.Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting: Inpatient or in-hospital setting.Participants: Adults with atrial fibrillation having a CHADS2 score >1 undergoing elective surgical procedure on anticoagulation.Methods: A systemic search of multiple databases (Cochrane, Medline, PubMed) was performed regarding studies conducted on efficacy and safety of perioperative bridging anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Studies identified were reviewed by two authors individually before inclusion. The results were then pooled using Review Manager to determine the combined effect. Stroke/systemic embolism was considered as the primary efficacy outcome. Major bleeding was the primary safety outcome.Results: The systematic search revealed 108 potential articles. The full texts of 28 articles were retrieved for assessment of eligibility. After full text review, 25 articles were excluded. Three articles met inclusion criteria. No significant difference in stroke/systemic embolism with bridging anticoagulation was noted (risk ratio, 1.25-95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–2.85). Bridging was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding (risk ratio, 3.29-95% CI, 2.25–4.81).Conclusion: An individualized approach is required when initiating peri-operative bridging anticoagulation. There is certainly a higher risk of bleeding with bridging anticoagulation and no difference in stroke/systemic embolism. However, the results cannot be extrapolated to patients who have valvular atrial fibrillation or CHADS2 score of 5 or greater.     

binl、C—myc在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨bin1、C-myc在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用SP法检测膀胱尿路上皮癌石蜡标本84例,正常膀胱黏膜组织11例bin1、C-myc的表达,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果 bin1在正常膀胱组织中表达阳性率81．81％,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中表达阳性率46．43％,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝4．873,P＝0．051）。 C-myc 在正常膀胱组织中无表达,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中表达阳性率52.38％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝10．733,P＝0．001）。 bin1在浸润型膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中表达明显低于非浸润型（χ2＝7．685,P＝0．007）,随着组织分级及UICC 分期增高bin1阳性表达率降低（χ2＝15．817,P＝0.000;χ2＝11．104,P＝0．010）。 C-myc表达强度与组织学分类、组织分级及UICC分期无关。 bin1表达强度与组织学分类、组织分级及UICC分期呈负相关（r＝-0．302,P＝0．005;r＝-0．411,P＝0．000;r＝-0．302, P＝0.005）;随着bin1表达增高C-myc表达降低,但差异无统计学意义。结论 Bin1低表达或表达缺失与膀胱尿路上皮癌病变进展相关,C-myc表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌病变发生有关。提示bin1可能成为膀胱尿路上皮癌预后的预测因子,bin1、C-myc有可能成为肿瘤化疗的一个分子靶向目标。