Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants

In the operating room, 66 preterm infants weighing between 710 and 2,700 gm (23 < 1,000 gm) underwent ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Respiratory distress syndrome was present in 53 patients; the rest had apnea-bradycardia syndrome. PDA ligation was indicated for intractable congestive heart failure in 52 patients or progressive respiratory failure in 14.There were no intraoperative deaths. Fifteen infants died 1 to 120 days postoperatively. Seven deaths resulted from intracranial bleeding, 3 from diffuse coagulopathy, and 1 from respiratory failure. The condition of patients with heart failure improved postoperatively, with the mean left atrium to aorta ratio reduced from 1.56 to 1.02 (p = 0.05). Respiratory function improved in 25 patients extubated by the third postoperative day.Late follow-up (one to five years) of the 51 survivors showed 1 late death. Seventeen survivors had roentgenographic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia required longer postoperative ventilation (mean, 21.5 days compared with 4.75 days). Twenty-four infants were normal.Ligation of PDA in preterm infants has low intraoperative risk and improves the condition of those with heart and respiratory failure. Late follow-up showed good recovery of nearly two-thirds of the patients.     

Surgical treatment of atrial myxomas: early and late results of 11 operations and review of the literature

Eleven patients underwent surgical excision of atrial myxomas during a 15-year period, with no hospital deaths. The operation consisted of excision of the tumor with a generous portion of atrial septum or wall. Patch reconstruction of the atrial septum was required in most patients. There were 2 late deaths (14 and 121 months after operation). Late recurrences have been reported in other series but no recurrences were diagnosed in any of the patients in this series reexamined by echocardiography 7 to 156 months (mean, 48 months) after operation. Late functional results were excellent (78%, New York Heart Association Class D. The pertinent literature is reviewed.     

黄鼠鼠疫疫区处理有关问题研究

目的改进鼠疫疫区处理方法，提高鼠疫防治工作的效率和效益。方法查阅分析疫区处理，鼠疫监测资料，现场调查。结果1987～1999年出现的十几个动物鼠疫疫点，都进行了疫区处理，至今无一个疫点疫情复燃波及人间。结论疫情一经判定必须实行疫区处理；但疫区范围尽可能定小，并且疫情追踪和保护性灭鼠灭蚤措施必须加强，该疫区处理方法既能节约经费又保护了生态环境。     

Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Lung Water During Extracorporeal Circulation in Experimental Pulmonary Insufficiency

Use of the membrane oxygenator has been advocated in the management of severe respiratory insufficiency. We have compared this method to conventional therapy in an experimental model in which 23 dogs were subjected to aspiration with 0.1 N HCl and 18 were supported with a volume respirator and positive end-expiratory pressure or placed on partial bypass using a membrane oxygenator for 12 to 24 hours. Adequate oxygenation (PO₂ > 100 mm Hg) was achieved with the membrane oxygenator. The increase in lung weight during conventional therapy was significantly greater than during membrane oxygenator support.Extracorporeal support during recovery from severe pulmonary injury allows pulmonary artery pressure to be controlled and reduces the expected increase in lung water.     

玉足海参酸性多糖的研究

干燥玉足海参体壁经碱法消化、钾盐和季铵盐分级,可获得两种含岩藻糖的酸性多糖HL-P和HL-S。两者经电泳、凝胶过滤及超离心分析均证明为纯一成分。理化分析表明,HL-S系聚岩藻糖硫酸酯,此类多糖在多种海参中存在;HL-P系一硫酸粘多糖,其组成中,氨基半乳糖:葡萄糖醛酸:岩藻糖:硫酸基的分子比值为1:0.94:0.84:3.60。本文报告了两种多糖的比旋度、特性粘度、沉降系数及分子量。生物活性测定表明,HL-P对牛凝血酶有较强抑制作用(体外),同时抑制多种小鼠移植瘤的生长。     

稳定控制鼠疫源地黄鼠数量方法研究

目的：有效地控制黄鼠数量增长,以长期稳定地控制鼠疫。方法：踏查鼠密度,确定灭鼠地段,并实地踏实验收。灭鼠以生态,物理方法为主,溴敌隆杀灭为辅。结果：有鼠面积占3村总面积的20％,超标面积为135hm2,平均洞密度为13．5个／10hm2,灭鼠后洞密度0．67个／10hm2,灭洞率达95％,达到稳控鼠疫标准（黄鼠密度＜2只／10hm2),结论：此方法适合我国国情,有很强的可操作性和生,灭效好,可提高灭鼠效益和效益。     

海参糖胺聚糖的抗肿瘤转移前景分析

恶性肿瘤的侵袭和转移是导致临床肿瘤患者死亡的重要原因,研究肿瘤转移并且寻找出安全有效的抗肿瘤药物一直是研究者关注的焦点。肝素被证实在各种临床前和临床的恶性肿瘤模型中均有效,但其引起较大的出血不良反应限制了其临床应用。与其生物活性十分相似的海参糖胺聚糖(hGAG)因不良反应小而成为了近年来研究的热点。查阅国内外大量的文献,总结了hGAG与肝素理化性质的异同,综述了二者抗肿瘤的药理作用,并以肝素为参照,分析了hGAG抗肿瘤转移的可能作用机制,以期为临床开发安全、有效的抗肿瘤药物提供依据。     

Intramyocardial electrical and metabolic activity during hypothermia and potassium cardioplegia

Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia is widely used to reduce myocardial metabolism as a means of myocardial protection. To investigate the efficacy of intramyocardial electrical activity as an indicator of myocardial metabolism, 12 dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial oxygen consumption, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the coronary sinus, myocardial temperature, and intramyocardial and surface electrocardiograms were measured. The hearts were fibrillated and cooled to 15 degrees C. In Group 1 (6 dogs), potassium cardioplegia was given at 15 degrees C. In Group 2 (6 dogs), it was given at 25 degrees C. Maximum coronary sinus PCO2 and oxygen consumption occurred at 36 degrees C and gradually decreased, but there was still evidence of metabolic activity and intramyocardial electrical activity at 15 degrees C. When cardioplegia was given at 15 degrees C, all electrical activity ceased and there was a further significant reduction in metabolic activity (coronary sinus PCO2 and oxygen consumption). In Group 2 similar findings were found at 25 degrees C, and there was no further reduction in metabolic activity at 15 degrees C. These data indicate that: (1) myocardial metabolic activity is lowest when there is electrical quiescence as measured with an intramyocardial electrode; (2) potassium arrest and hypothermia are both necessary to achieve electrical quiescence; and (3) in the potassium-arrested heart, lowering temperature from 25 degrees to 15 degrees C does not result in a further reduction of metabolic activity.     

SPF级和野生布氏田鼠血生化指标的比较分析

目的:检测布氏田鼠的血生化指标,比较布氏田鼠无特定病原体级(specific pathogen-free,SPF)封闭群和实验室驯育野生种群之间该指标的差异。方法:分别测定4月龄野生布氏田鼠和SPF级封闭群内布氏田鼠的25项血生化指标,每个种群各抽样16只个体,雌雄各半。结果:实验室开放环境饲养的野生布氏田鼠的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的值均显著高于SPF级布氏田鼠,部分血生化指标不同性别之间差异较大。结论:在一定程度上,布氏田鼠体内外的微生物控制状况影响该动物的血生化指标。     

Double outlet left ventricle: Morphology, cineangiocardiographic diagnosis and surgical treatment

In double outlet left ventricle, both the pulmonary artery and the aorta arise from the morphologic left ventricle. This paper presents the anatomic and cineangiocardiographic features of five patients who had this condition proved at surgery or autopsy. The condition of the first patient was incorrectly diagnosed as transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect; the anatomic features were correctly interpreted at operation in 1966 and appropriate repair was made, but the patient died postoperatively. The condition of the other four patients was correctly diagnosed. The second patient had Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle in addition to double outlet left ventricle; her condition was not considered operable. Two patients, one with visceroatrial situs solitus, concordant d-loop and dextrocardia, were surgically treated with good long-term results. The fifth patient died 2 years postoperatively and is the first patient reported to have double outlet left ventricle with visceroatrial situs inversus, a discordant d-loop and levocardia.

The segmental approach to the classification and diagnosis of connection disorders is discussed and the radiologic criteria by which double outlet left ventricle may be diagnosed considered in detail. The importance of using the radiologic projection (usually left anterior oblique) that profiles the ventricular septum is emphasized because the diagnosis can be established only by delineating the relations of the origins of the great arteries to the ventricular septum. The surgical significance of other anatomic features, including the number, size and position of ventricular septal defects and conal malformations, is also discussed.