两种杀灭鼠体蚤方法的效果及其评价

为有效控制黄胸鼠体表印鼠蚤的数量,作者于1997年10月13日至11月9日,在龙陵县腊勐乡以沿鼠通道和鼠洞撒灌5/万溴氰菊酯粉剂和用8/万的溴氰菊酯水剂普通滞留喷洒,做了现场设对照区的试验。结果表明:前一种方法的灭鼠率高为95.35％,所用经费为后者的1/5,后者灭蚤率为82.18％。前一种方法比后者经济有效,建议推广应用。     

运用DEA模型分析武进区县域医共体模式下公立医疗机构运行效率△

目的:基于DEA-BCC模型,评价常州市武进区公立医疗机构运行效率,为县区级医院医共体优化资源配置提供参考。方法:选取该区18家公立医疗机构2018-2020年的全国卫生健康财务年报数据,从中筛选出投入产出指标,采用DEA数据分析方法,评价其运行效率。结果:18家公立医疗机构综合运行效率均有所提升,不同层级的医疗机构、乡镇卫生院存在差异,乡镇卫生院的综合运行效率偏低。三年间,乡镇卫生院的总体综合效率值均小于1,DEA均为无效;2018-2020年乡镇卫生院的规模报酬均为不同程度的递减状态;仍有部分医院存在资源利用不充分或过剩等问题。结论:政府应将医疗卫生资源改革的重点放在建立多专业的质控中心,不断提升基层医疗机构服务能力;合理控制各级医疗机构发展规模,促进基层医疗卫生资源的有效整合;明确医共体单位功能定位,实现错位发展。     

Spatial Modeling and Analysis of Heat-Related Morbidity in Maricopa County,Arizona

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of a confluence of demographic, socioeconomic, housing, and environmental factors that systematically contribute to heat-related morbidity in Maricopa County, Arizona, from theoretical, empirical, and spatial perspectives. The present study utilized ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to analyze health data, U.S. census data, and remotely sensed data. The results suggested that the MGWR model showed a significant improvement in goodness of fit over the OLS regression model, which implies that spatial heterogeneity is an essential factor that influences the relationship between these factors. Populations of people aged 65+, Hispanic people, disabled people, people who do not own vehicles, and housing occupancy rate have much stronger local effects than other variables. These findings can be used to inform and educate local residents, communities, stakeholders, city managers, and urban planners in their ongoing and extensive efforts to mitigate the negative impacts of extreme heat on human health in Maricopa County.     

全面质量管理在县域医共体中的应用探索:以庐江县人民医院医疗集团为例

目的研究全面质量管理在县域医共体中的应用效果。方法建立健全覆盖全员、全方位、全过程的医疗质量与安全管理共同体,实行集团内人、财、物共享,实施以质量控制为核心的持续改进,对比实施前后基层医疗服务能力、管理水平及患者满意度。结果改革后医共体内基本形成有序的就医格局,医疗卫生服务能力持续提升,医院的业务量、门诊服务人次、住院服务人次、手术总服务台次、收支结余实现了“四增长一下降”,提高了医疗质量同质化水平,患者满意度高于改革前。     

永靖县农村育龄妇女妊娠结局调查分析

目的:通过对永靖县育龄妇女妊娠结局的调查,了解农村妇女的生殖健康现状及其影响因素,为进一步搞好计划生育工作和妇女保健工作提供科学依据。方法:整群抽取甘肃省永靖县6个乡(镇)、6个村的育龄妇女作为调查对象,于2004年7月采用统一制定的调查问卷对其进行入户调查,同时组织育龄妇女到县(乡)计划生育服务站(所)进行妇科检查。结果:1 268名育龄妇女,总妊娠次数3 034次,人均妊娠2.39次。妊娠结局中死胎死产91次,占3.00%;自然流产198次,占6.53%;人工流产241次,占7.94%;活产2 504次,占82.53%。死胎死产率3.51%,自然流产率7.09%。死胎死产发生率和自然流产发生率随妊娠次数增加而增加;文化程度较低或者收入较低者发生率较高。结论:甘肃省农村地区育龄妇女妊娠结局中死胎死产率、自然流产率与全国或者国内其他地区调查结果相比,发生率比较高,其相关影响因素有不同之处。应进一步加强对农村育龄妇女生殖健康知识的普及教育,提高育龄妇女产前保健水平和入院分娩率,降低不良妊娠结局发生率。     

Human Parainfluenza Virus in Homeless Shelters before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic,Washington, USA

To determine the epidemiology of human parainfluenza virus in homeless shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed data and sequences from respiratory specimens collected in 23 shelters in Washington, USA, during 2019–2021. Two clusters in children were genetically similar by shelter of origin. Shelter-specific interventions are needed to reduce these infections.     

中药黄藤GAP基地环境质量评价

目的黄藤种植基地生态环境质量进行评价。方法空气质量监测采用国家规定环境空气质量标准(GB3095-1966)及其分析方法进行分析,土壤环境检测按国家标准GB15618-1995(土壤环境质量标准)和YB-T-1-2003(药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准,增加五氯硝基苯、艾氏剂项目)的方法和要求进行。灌溉水质采用GB5084-92《农田灌溉水质标准》要求进行检测。结果黄藤种植基地大气质量达到GB3095-1996一级标准,水源质量达GB5084-92标准,土壤环境达GB15618-1995二级标准。结论广西上思县那琴乡黄藤种植基地环境质量良好,各生态条件适合黄藤生长,土壤含磷钾素较高,有利于黄藤的生长和有效成分的积累。符合药用植物绿色出口生产基地行业标准(YB-T-1-2003)的要求。     

四川省盐亭县中药资源调查与分析

目的：调查研究四川省盐亭县中药资源、重点品种、药用植物栽培情况等,为盐亭县中药资源的开发利用提供科学依据。方法：以全国第4次中药资源普查技术规范为指导,通过野外样地调查、栽培药材调查、市场调查、民间走访调查、标本采集与制作、普查数据整理等方法,对盐亭县现有中药资源进行普查、统计和分析。结果：本次调查总共完成了36个样地、180个样方套、1 080个样方的调查,完成重点中药材调查40种,重点中药材种质资源收集40种,调查栽培药材20种,制作药用植物标本407种。结论：盐亭县中药资源种类较为丰富,但分布较为分散,中药种植产业正处于初期阶段,栽培药材种类丰富,形成了一定规模。在此基础上,应加强盐亭县中医药产业发展规划指导,充分发掘当地中药资源,对其进行合理开发、利用和保护。     

Caries decline before fluoride toothpaste was available: earlier and greater decline in the rural north than in southwestern Norway

The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors related to caries in 6–17-year-olds in 2 groups of Norwegian counties between 1966 and 1983. The average number of surfaces filled and permanent teeth extracted due to caries declined in the 4 northern counties from 1967. An increase was recorded in the 7 southwestern counties until 1971, then a decline. In the 1960s significantly more surfaces were filled and teeth extracted in the north compared to the southwest. Based on intra-county comparisons, the decline in surfaces treated was greater in the north between 1967 and 1983; 5.4 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 0.7, P < 0.01. The averages were 1.9 surfaces treated in the north and the southwest in 1983. Higher infant mortality, lower percentage of people with completed senior secondary education, and more inhabitants per doctor and per dentist in the north indicate a less favorable situation than in the southwest. School-based fluoride programs had been implemented in both groups from the mid-1960s and around 60% participated when fluoride toothpaste became freely marketed in 1971. More fluoride programs and more fluoride tablets were available to children in the north; this may indicate a preventive attitude among dentists. The decline of caries started at different times in different parts of Norway. In the rural north with the most unfavorable situation, the decline was greater and started years before fluoride toothpaste came on to the market. The early decline may partly be ascribed to the school-based fluoride programs, the continued decline to several factors.