新螯合剂对铍中毒的解毒和促排效果

本文报道了新蟹合剂8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒和促排作用,并与811,DTPA 进行比较,大、小鼠BeSO_4中毒后,给予不同剂量的螯合剂解毒,结果表明,8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒效果均优于后两种,对大鼠的解毒作用8102优于S186,但S186对小鼠的解毒作用优于8102。螫合剂对大鼠BeSO_4染毒的排铍效果实验结果证明:各螫合剂的排铍效果强弱:8102>S186>811>DTPA。8102和S186对大鼠急性铍中毒有明显的排铍效果,若染毒前1h 或延迟4h 给药,仍有显著的排铍作用,但低于即刻用药组的效果。8102对亚急性染毒带铍状态亦有较高促排铍的作用。     

水中痕量铍、镉、铅的固相萃取-ICP-AES高灵敏度分析方法研究

[目的]建立水中痕量铍、镉、铅的阳离子交换树脂固相萃取-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱高灵敏度分析方法。[方法]本文对水样酸度、萃取流速和洗脱流速、洗脱液的酸度和体积等萃取条件对检测结果的影响以及ICP-AES检测条件,进行了实验优化选择。[结果]在优化条件下,铍、镉和铅的检出限(3σ,n=20)分别为1.4ng/L、5.0ng/L和49ng/L。[结论]该方法用于纯水、自来水、矿泉水、井水和河水的检测,获得满意的结果。     

Assessment of personal airborne exposures and surface contamination from x-ray vaporization of beryllium targets at the National Ignition Facility

This article presents air and surface sampling data collected over the first two years since beryllium was introduced as a target material at the National Ignition Facility. Over this time, 101 experiments with beryllium-containing targets were executed. The data provides an assessment of current conditions in the facility and a baseline for future impacts as new, reduced regulatory limits for beryllium are being proposed by both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Department of Energy. This study also investigates how beryllium deposits onto exposed surfaces as a result of x-ray vaporization and the effectiveness of simple decontamination measures in reducing the amount of removable beryllium from a surface. Based on 1,961 surface wipe samples collected from entrant components (equipment directly exposed to target debris) and their surrounding work areas during routine reconfiguration activities, only one result was above the beryllium release limit of 0.2 µg/100 cm² and 27 results were above the analytical reporting limit of 0.01 µg/100 cm², for a beryllium detection rate of 1.4%. Surface wipe samples collected from the internal walls of the NIF target chamber, however, showed higher levels of beryllium, with beryllium detected on 73% and 87% of the samples during the first and second target chamber entries (performed annually), respectively, with 23% of the samples above the beryllium release limit during the second target chamber entry. The analysis of a target chamber wall panel exposed during the first 30 beryllium-containing experiments (cumulatively) indicated that 87% of the beryllium contamination remains fixed onto the surface after wet wiping the surface and 92% of the non-fixed contamination was removed by decontaminating the surface using a dry wipe followed by a wet wipe. Personal airborne exposures assessed during access to entrant components and during target chamber entry indicated that airborne beryllium was not present in workers' breathing zones. All the data thus far have shown that beryllium has been effectively managed to prevent exposures to workers during routine and non-routine work.     

Biliary excretion of 7Be and its distribution after intravenous administration of 7BeCl2 in rats

Summary Wistar female rats were given two i.v. doses of ⁷BeCl₂ (dose A = 0.025 mg Be²⁺/kg b.w.; dose B=0.25 mg Be²⁺/kg b.w.). The rats were decapitated at 5, 24, and 48 hrs after administration. The kinetics of ⁷Be bile excretion during the 5 hrs after administration, as well as ⁷ Be retention in selected organs and the urine and stool excretion of beryllium were investigated. Significant differences between the effect of both doses were found particularly in the shape of biliary excretion curves of ⁷Be. Unproportionally higher ⁷Be blood levels after a higher dose persisted for a longer period of time. The decrease of ⁷Be in blood after a higher dose between the 5th and 24th hr after the administration was accompanied by an increased content of ⁷Be in the liver and spleen as well as by an increased urine excretion. The results obtained tend to prove that the reticuloendothelial system mainly participated in beryllium retention. Urine represents the main excretion route of beryllium after a parenteral administration.     

Considerations for the development of health-based surface dust cleanup criteria for beryllium

Abstract

The exposure–response patterns with beryllium sensitization (BeS), chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and lung cancer are influenced by a number of biological and physicochemical factors. Recent studies have suggested dermal exposure as a pathway for BeS. In light of the current non-health-based DOE Beryllium Rule surface criteria, the feasibility of deriving a human health-based surface dust cleanup criteria (SDCC) for beryllium was assessed based on toxicology and health risk factors via all potential routes of exposure. Beryllium-specific and general exposure factors were evaluated, including (1) beryllium physicochemical characteristics, bioavailability and influence on disease prevalence, and (2) chemical dissipation, resuspension and transfer. SDCC for non-cancer (SDCC_NC) and cancer (SDCC_CA) endpoints were derived from a combination of modern methods applied for occupational, residential and building reentry surface dust criteria. The most conservative SDCC_NC estimates were derived for dermal exposure (5–379?μg/100?cm² for 0.1–1% damaged skin and 17–3337?μg/100?cm² for intact skin), whereas the SDCC_CA for inhalation exposure ranged from 51 to 485?μg/100?cm². Considering this analysis, the lowest DOE surface criterion of 0.2?μg/100?cm² is conservative for minimizing exposure and potential risks associated with beryllium-contaminated surfaces released for non-beryllium industrial or public sector use. Although methodological challenges exist with sampling and analysis procedures, data variability and interpretation of surface dust information in relation to anthropogenic and natural background concentrations, this evaluation should provide useful guidance with regard to cleanup of manufacturing equipment or remediation of property for transfer to the general public or non-beryllium industrial facilities.     

居住区大气中铍的桑色素荧光分光光度法检验方法的改良

[目的]对居住区大气中铍的卫生检验标准方法-桑色素荧光分光光度法进行优化改良。[方法]按照国家环境污染物监测方法标准制修订技术导则,对我国现行的居住区大气中铍的卫生检验标准方法-桑色素荧光分光光度法进行了优化改良,并对改良后的方法进行方法学评价。[结果]方法的检出限为0.05ng/ml,测定下限为0.2ng/ml,测量范围为0.0002～0.005μg/ml,对空气中铍的测定范围为0.002～0.05μg/m3(采样体积为1m3)。相对标准偏差分别为2.5%～4.2%(n=6)。回收率为98.0～106.0%。[结论]改良后的方法比原标准方法更加简便易操作,提高了方法灵敏度、测定的精密度和准确度。     

A study of humoral and cellular responsiveness in a population occupationally exposed to beryllium

Summary The present study of 30 healthy industrial workers having occupational contact with beryllium has revealed specific humoral responses to beryllium in 37% of the investigated group. Antitissue antibodies to lung and to thymus were found in 30% and to suprarenals in 27% of the subjects examined. A tendency to an increased level of IgG and IgA and some deficiency of IgM was observed. The cellular immunity examinations showed positive skin reactions to beryllium salts in 19% and specific blast transformation of PBL in 4% of the persons investigated.The results of determinations of humoral and cellular reactivity were not correlated. The afore-mentioned tests are useful in estimating the type and degree of hypersensitivity to beryllium, indicating the necessity of carrying out a long-term study on the population to evaluate their prognostic value.     

Co-administration of adjuvants along with Moringa oleifera attenuates beryllium-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in rats

Abstract

Context: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is a rich source of antioxidants. All parts of the plant are medicinally important and have been used as traditional medicine for a variety of human ailments in India.

Objective: Therapeutic efficacy of adjuvants with M. oleifera (MO) root extract was investigated against beryllium-induced oxidative stress.

Materials and methods: Hydroalcoholic (50% v/v) root extract of M. oleifera (150?mg/kg, p.o.) alone and combinations of M. oleifera with either piperine (2.5?mg/kg, p.o.) or curcumin (5.0?mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 1 week were administered in experimental rats against beryllium toxicity (1.0?mg/kg, i.p. daily for 5 weeks). Oxidative stress parameters including blood sugar, G-6-Pase in liver, and DNA damage were analyzed. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney were also observed.

Results: Beryllium enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO), depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes activities, decreased blood sugar and G-6-Pase activity, and did not damage DNA. Histologically, liver was observed with structural loss and disintegration of hepatocytes, heavy vacuolation in hepatocytes, and kidney was observed with constriction of glomeruli and hypertrophy in epithelial cells of uriniferous tubules. Therapy of M. oleifera with piperine was effective; however, combination of M. oleifera with curcumin showed better therapeutic effect by reduction of LPO, elevated GSH level, maintained antioxidant enzymes activities, restored blood sugar, and G-6-Pase activity in liver together with almost normal histoarchitecture of liver and kidney.

Discussion and conclusion: Curcumin enhanced therapeutic efficacy of M. oleifera root extract and showed better antioxidant potential against beryllium toxicity.     

塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定尿中铍

目的:建立塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定尿中铍的方法。方法:尿样用0.2%硝酸稀释,并以1%硝酸镁作为基体改进剂,采用工作曲线法测定。结果:方法的线性范围为0μg/L～5μg/L,相关系数(r)=0.9995,RSD为1.78%～4.47%,检出限为0.32 pg,特征量为2.4 pg,回收率为93.2%～104.3%。结论:该方法具有快速简便,精密度好,准确度高等优点,可用于尿样中铍的测定。     

铍对牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞形态和细胞膜离子含量的影响

目的研究铍离子（Be²⁺）对牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞形态和细胞膜离子的影响,探讨镍铬合金对牙周损伤的微生物学机制。方法用含不同浓度Be²⁺的培养液厌氧培养牙龈卟啉单胞菌24 h。光镜及扫描电镜下观察不同浓度的Be²⁺对牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞形态的影响,同时以X线能谱仪分析细胞膜离子含量的变化。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果Be²⁺浓度大于2.5 mg/L时,牙龈卟啉单胞菌菌体形态改变。牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞膜表面Na原子和Ca原子含量随Be²⁺浓度升高呈降低趋势(P<0.05)。结论Be²⁺会改变细菌形态和细胞膜成分,引起细菌功能变化,从而可能导致口腔正常微生态环境失衡,引起牙周疾病。