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1.
广西壮族自治区乙型肝炎疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫血清流行病学本底调查 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为广西壮族自治区将乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫的实施提供本底资料 ,采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样方法 ,于 2 0 0 3年调查了 0~ 3岁儿童 5 6 70人 ,儿童母亲 12 16人。结果显示 :0~ 3岁儿童乙肝疫苗接种率、全程接种率和首针及时接种率分别为 76 16 %、73 4 4 %、32 6 6 % ;乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)与抗体 (抗 HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体 (抗 HBc)阳性率分别为 3 37%、4 0 18%、5 17%。与 1992年调查结果相比较 ,乙肝疫苗接种率提高了 77 6 1% ,HBsAg携带率由 9 6 8%降至 3 37% ,保护率为 6 5 19%。首针及时接种、全程接种乙肝疫苗儿童的HBsAg、抗 HBc阳性率非常显著地低于未接种的儿童 ,HBsAg阳性母亲儿童的HBsAg、抗 HBc阳性率非常显著地高于其他儿童。提高首针及时接种率、全程接种率 ,降低阳性母亲儿童的HBsAg、抗 HBc阳性率成为今后乙肝控制工作的重点 相似文献
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Shyam Raj Upreti Santosh Gurung Minal Patel Sameer M. Dixit L. Kendall Krause Geeta Shakya Kathleen Wannemuehler Rajesh Rajbhandari Rajendra Bohara W. William Schluter 《Vaccine》2014
Background
In Nepal, an estimated 2–4% of the population has chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To combat this problem, from 2002 to 2004, a national three dose hepatitis B vaccination program was implemented to decrease infection rates among children. The program does not currently include a birth dose to prevent perinatal HBV transmission. In 2012, to assess the impact of the program, we conducted a serosurvey among children born before and after vaccine introduction.Methods
In 2012, a cross-sectional nationally representative stratified cluster survey was conducted to estimate hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among children born from 2006 to 2007 (post-vaccine cohort) and among children born from 2000 to 2002 (pre-vaccine cohort). Demographic data, as well as written and oral vaccination history were collected. All children were tested for HBsAg; mothers of HBsAg positive children were also tested. Furthermore, we evaluated the field sensitivity and specificity of the SD Bioline HBsAg rapid diagnostic test by comparing results with an enzyme immunoassay.Results
Among 2181 post-vaccination cohort children with vaccination data by either card or recall, 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77–95%) received ≥3 hepatitis B vaccine doses. Of 1200 children born in the pre-vaccination cohort, 0.28% (95% CI 0.09–0.85%) were positive for HBsAg; of 2187 children born in the post-vaccination cohort, 0.13% (95% CI 0.04–0.39%) were positive for HBsAg (p = 0.39). Of the six children who tested positive for HBsAg, two had mothers who were positive for HBsAg. Finally, we found the SD Bioline HBsAg rapid diagnostic test to have a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%.Conclusions
This is the first nationally representative hepatitis B serosurvey conducted in Nepal. Overall, a low burden of chronic HBV infection was found in children born in both the pre and post-vaccination cohorts. Current vaccination strategies should be continued. 相似文献4.
To determine the vaccination coverage for HBV and the prevalence of anti-HBc, an anonymous sero-survey of surgical/gynecologic nurses from 16 randomly selected hospitals in West Pomerania, Poland, was conducted. Among the 403 participants of whom HBV vaccination had been indicated, the vaccination coverage was 100%. The anti-HBc prevalence was 16.4%; with length of employment being associated with increased odds of being infected. The data obtained underscore the importance of hepatitis B vaccination for HCWs. This study documents the ability to obtain 100% vaccination coverage in nursing staff, an important goal in reducing the risk of HBV infection in this and other health care worker populations. 相似文献
5.
本文报告了一次乙肝流行中6例病人与一批亚临床感染的抗-HBcIgM检测结果。5名亚临床感染儿童经6~7个月随访发现,在抗-HBcIgM转阴或S/N值下降的同时,抗-HBs阳转。结果表明,抗-HBcIgM可以作为在近期内有亚临床感染的一个判断指标。这对人群中乙肝流行病学研究颇有价值。亚临床感染在“窗户期”与抗-HBs刚阳转时的抗-HBc IgM S/N GMV(分别为3.9与1.9),均较临床病例的(6.9与7.4)为低;持续时间也较短。急性乙肝恢复早期,抗-HBs刚阳转时,抗-HBcIgM的S/NGMV可达7.4,提示可能仍有传染性。 相似文献
6.
用聚合酶链反应对单-抗HBc阳性的飞行员血清HBV携带情况进行了调查,首先用ELISA法对189份血清检测了HBSAg、抗HBs和抗HBc。HBsAg阳性率为4.76%(9/189),抗HBs17.99%(34/189),抗HBc24.87%(47/189),聚合酶链反应检测单-抗HBc阳性血19份,抗HBs阳性/抗HBc阳性血20份。HBV-DNA阳性率分别为31.58%(6/19)和5%(1/20),结果提示单-抗HBC阳性飞行员中存在低水平的HBV携带者;在招飞体检仅检测血清HBSAg,不能除外低水平的HBV感染者。 相似文献
7.
Mohebbi SR Sanati A Cheraghipour K Rostami Nejad M Shalmani HM Zali MR 《Hepatitis monthly》2011,11(9):736-739
Background
There are little data on the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in pregnant women in Iran.Objectives
This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women in Lorestan, west of Iran.Patients and Methods
Serum samples of 827 pregnant women who lived in rural (36.8%) and urban areas (63.2%) of Lorestan were collected during 2007-2008. Data were obtained through questionnaires. Samples were first screened for anti-HCV and anti-HBc by ELISA. Those who were positive for anti-HBc were tested for HBsAg.Results
Anti-HBc was found in 28 of 827 pregnant women (overall prevalence, 3.4%; 14 of 523 in urban areas, 2.7%; 14 of 304 in rural areas, 4.6%). Of the 28 positive samples, 6(0.7%) were positive for HBs-Ag. Only 2 samples (0.2%) were anti-HCV-positive.Conclusions
These results underscore the need for prenatal screening for HBV infection in pregnant women and treatment of newborns from HBsAg-positive mothers.More studies are needed to identify risk factors of HCV infection and highlight the importance of HCV screening and treatment programs. 相似文献8.
《Digestive and liver disease》2019,51(6):864-869
BackgroundWe aimed to clarify whether presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in cord blood indicates exposure to or infection with HBV.MethodsWe prospectively recruited HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their neonates 2012 through 2015. All neonates received postnatal immunoprophylaxis. The infants were followed up at 7–14 months of age.ResultsTotally 329 HBsAg-positive pregnant women and 333 neonates were enrolled. No cord blood was anti-HBc IgM positive. A total of 290 (87.1%) neonates were followed up at 7–14 months of age and 6 (2.1%) of them were infected with HBV. Of 146 neonates born to HBeAg-negative mothers, 38 (26.0%) and 30 (20.5%) had detectable HBsAg and HBV DNA in cord blood respectively, but none of 126 infants followed up was infected. Of 187 neonates born to HBeAg-positive mothers, 92 (49.2%) and 79 (42.2%) had detectable HBsAg and HBV DNA in cord blood respectively; 6 (3.7%) of 164 infants followed up were infected. Of seven neonates with HBV DNA > 105 IU/ml in cord blood, four had no infection and three others were infected.ConclusionPresence of HBsAg and/or HBV DNA, even at high levels, in cord blood just indicates exposure to, but not infection with HBV. Presence of HBV markers in cord blood cannot define intrauterine infection. 相似文献
9.
We studied the seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc and the vaccination histories among health care workers (HCWs) at a large suburban referral hospital in Korea. The purpose of this study was to determine the immune status of HCWs against hepatitis B virus and we also wanted to prepare a practical guideline to protect HCWs from occupational exposure. During December, 2003, 571 HCWs (56 physicians, 289 nurses, 113 technicians and 113 aid-nurses) aged between 21 and 74 yr were included in the surveillance. The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs were 2.4% (14/571) and 76.9% (439/571), respectively. The positive rate of anti-HBs was lower in the physician group, and this was associated with the male gender and older age. Of the 439 anti-HBs positive cases, 320 cases (73.1%) were anti-HBc negative and this was significantly associated with a past history of HBV vaccination. The distribution of the anti-HBs levels was not associated with age (except for HCWs in their sixties), gender or occupation. Our study revealed that the seroprevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in HCWs in Korea were not different from those of the general population. Based on this surveillance, we can make reasonable decisions in case of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus. 相似文献
10.
Schmeink CE Bekkers RL Josefsson A Richardus JH Berndtsson Blom K David MP Dobbelaere K Descamps D 《Vaccine》2011,29(49):9276-9283