先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭介入治疗及血流动力学变化

目的观察动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后右心血流动力学的变化,评价其临床意义。方法对50例动脉导管未闭儿童患者,在进行介入性经皮心导管封堵术治疗前应用X线降主动脉造影测量前,术后经导管检测右心血流动力学指标变化。结果未闭动脉导管最窄处直径(5．6±1．3)mm;术前肺动脉平均压(19．1±2．3)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．41±0．13)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．17±0．03);术后肺动脉平均压(14．4±1．7)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．03±0．01)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．02±0．01),相应数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后血流动力学会发生改变,肺动脉平均压,左向右分流量以及分流量占肺循环血流量的比例均会不同程度下降,这种改变可以作为评价介入治疗效果的重要指标。     

经导管封闭治疗小儿继发孔房间隔缺损

目的探讨应用经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损的临床效果.方法 16例ASD患儿.男6例,女10例;年龄2～14(8±4)岁,体重10～40(23±9)Kg.先行右心导管用球囊导管测量ASD大小,选择适合的封堵器,在X线及超声引导下释放封堵器堵闭ASD,术后随访疗效,追踪残余分流率和并发症.结果应用此法封闭16例ASD,全部成功.手术时间为(70±30)血n,透视时间(13±8)min,术中无明显并发症.术后随访右房、右室径较术前明显缩小,恢复正常(P＜0.05);无残余分流发生.结论经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损术具有创伤小,成功率高,安全性好的优点,但其长期疗效需进一步随访观察.     

Amplatzer堵闭器治疗动脉导管未闭11例临床观察

[目的]评价Amplatzer堵闭器对动脉导管未闭(PDA)的治疗效果.[方法]应用Amplatzer堵闭器和主动脉造影及6F长鞘输送器置入Amplatzer堵闭器,治疗11例动脉导管未闭患者.[结果]堵闭成功率100%;随访2月～1年,全部病例无残余分流和任何并发症.[结论]应用Amplatzer堵闭器治疗PDA操作简便,安全,有效.     

彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中的应用研究

目的 研究彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中的应用价值。方法 经食道彩色多普勒超声和经胸彩色多普勒超声引导下，对20例继发孔中央房间隔缺损用Amplatzer封堵器或类似Amplatzer国产双盘式伞状封堵器进行封堵。结果 20例房间隔缺损封堵成功，1例房间隔缺损封堵后次日封堵器脱落，经心外科再次手术，成功取出封堵器同时进行房间隔缺损修补术。对封堵成功的患者定期随访均见封堵器位置正常，未见残余分流。结论 彩色多普勒超声检查在房间隔缺损封堵介入治疗中有重要应用价值。     

成人继发孔型房间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的探讨成人继发孔型房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)封堵术的疗效和安全性。方法选择经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)确诊的成人继发孔型ASD患者59例,年龄18~71(38.3±11.2)岁,所有患者均在局麻下,应用TTE及X线引导下,接受了经导管应用国产房间隔封堵器的介入治疗。术后24h,1,3,6个月,1年及2年行经胸超声心动图、心电图及X-ray检查随访。结果57例患者封堵成功,成功率96.6%。57例堵塞后即刻封堵率为94.7%(54/57);堵塞1个月后的封堵率96.5%。57例堵塞后即刻封堵率为94.7%(54/57);堵塞1个月后的封堵率96.5%(55/57),堵塞1年后的封堵率100%(57/57)。随访时间1~42个月,无封堵器移位、房缺再通及需外科干预者,也无栓塞及心内膜炎等并发症的发生。右房、室缩小,心功能明显改善。结论经导管置入封堵器关闭继发孔型房间隔缺损是一种有效的非外科手术方法,操作简便、创伤小、成功率高。TTE可以准确应用于ASD封堵术中。     

国产封堵器治疗室间隔缺损

目的探讨国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损的可行性及近期疗效。方法2003年6月～2005年9月采用国产封堵器对122例(男65例,女57例)室间隔缺损患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄1～25岁,平均(9.6±6.4)岁,经胸超声提示室间隔缺损的直径为3.2～14mm,平均(5.6±2.4)mm,心室造影示室间隔缺损的直径为2～10mm,平均(4.0±1.9)mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器,并分别于术后3个月、6个月进行随访。结果122例患者封堵器置入成功,成功率100%。术后超声及造影示少量残余分流12例,3个月内消失。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞5例,4周内消失。1例膜周部室间隔缺损距主动脉瓣无残端,应用偏心封堵器成功,1个月后复查出现主动脉瓣穿孔。结论应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损是安全有效的,近期效果良好,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察。     

Closure of a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect in a 4.8 kg baby with Down syndrome using a duct occluder

A 9.5-month-old boy with Down syndrome, weighing 4.8 kg, presented with history of failure to thrive. Clinically, he had symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure. His echocardiogram showed a large perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) with some inlet extension covered by a large aneurysmal tissue with multiple right ventricular (RV) exits. Additionally, he had hypothyroidism and Hirschsprung disease. Instead of closing the VSD surgically, the VSD was successfully closed utilizing an 8 × 6 mm duct occluder. The baby remained in the intensive care unit for one night. The day after the procedure, the infant was stable and showed clinical improvement. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed normal sinus rhythm with no evidence of heart block. Twenty-four hours later, echocardiography showed the device was in an excellent position, with a small residual leak. There was normal tricuspid valve inflow and normal aortic valve outflow with no significant valvar insufficiency. The baby was discharged after 3 days in stable condition. We believe infants with such co-morbidities which might complicate their post-operative course and prolong the intensive care unit admission, might benefit from such alternative management.     

Endoscopic Occlusion of Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Ventilated Patients Using an Amplatzer Septal Occluder

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a challenging, life threatening condition. It most commonly appears in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, who cannot withstand open neck or chest surgery. An endoscopic technique could be better tolerated by these patients. We present our experience using a cardiac Amplatzer ASD septal occluder for an endoscopic TEF repair in ventilation-dependent patients. Two high risk patients underwent the procedure under general anesthesia and close respiratory monitoring. In one patient the device was inserted through the trachea and in the other through the esophagus. In both cases fistula closure was achieved for different periods of time allowing the patients a temporary relief of symptoms. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients, and no significant adverse effect documented. The technique was successful as a temporary solution for unstable patients with TEFs and should be considered as a treatment modality for similar patients.     

输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床研究

目的探讨输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石在输尿管结石治疗中的临床疗效。方法将该院收治的78例输尿管结石患者随机分为观察组40例和对照组38例,对照组采用气压弹道碎石术,观察组采用输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石术。对比两组患者手术疗效、手术时间、住院时间、血尿时间以及治疗后BUN、Cr水平变化和两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果两组一次性碎石率比较χ2=5.5038(P=0.0190);两组1个月结石排净率比较χ2=8.6771(P=0.0032);两组需再次手术患者例数比较χ2=11.9114(P=0.0006);两组有效患者例数比较χ2=14.4866(P=0.0001)。两组患者手术时间比较t=7.9142(P=0.0000);两组患者住院时间比较t=6.0797(P=0.0000);两组患者血尿时间比较t=5.2690(P=0.0000);两组BUN水平比较t=1.3569(P=0.1788);两组Cr水平比较t=4.3967(P=0.0000)。两组患者术后恶心、呕吐例数比较χ2=6.7818(P=0.0092);两组患者术后发热例数比较χ2=8.2611(P=0.0041);两组患者术后血尿例数比较χ2=8.6771(P=0.0032);两组患者术后肾绞痛例数比较χ2=14.5142(P=0.0001)。结论输尿管封堵器联合气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石,能提高碎石成功率,值得临床上广泛应用。