Tissu adipeux : glande endocrine polyvalente

Research on the adipose tissue secretions has undergone a major inflection for a few years. The investigators became aware that the biology of the various cells of the stroma-vascular fraction of adipose tissue was to be taken into account to include/understand the diversity of the secretions. The adipose tissue is a site of production of adipokines (strictly synthesized and secreted by the adipocyte), of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and of acute phase reactant proteins. Cells of the stroma-vascular fraction (monocytes/macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells…) have a secretory importance neglected up to now. The action of both major adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) will be more particularly evoked while considering the diversity of action of the other most current factors. Finally some secreted products more recently discovered (apelin, autotaxin, visfatin.), whose properties are still in the course of exploration, will be also mentioned.     

A novel adipokine WISP1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway

BackgroundTo study the effect of WISP1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.MethodLentivirus was transiently transfected into log phase 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which were then treated with LPS at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h. The cells were divided into the following groups: group A (control, untreated cells); group B (LPS-treated cells); group C (GFP), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing GFP; group D (GFP+LPS), group C treated with LPS;group E (WISP1OE), cells transfected with lentivirus, group F (shNC+LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing nshRNA treated with LPS; group G (shWISP1 +LPS), cells transfected with lentivirus-containing shRNA treated with LPS; group H (WISP1OE+LPS), group E treated with LPS; group I (WISP1OE+LPS+LY294002), group E treated with LPS followed by LY294002 for 24 h.ResultsWISP1 overexpression notably ameliorated cell apoptosis, accompanied with the increased expression of bcl-2, the decreased expressions of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and promoted the release of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. WISP1 knockdown exhibited the opposite results. In addition, WISP1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced nuclear translocation of Fork head box protein O3 (FoxO3a) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated by LPS. The inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway diminished the protective effect of WISP1.ConclusionWISP1 prevents 3T3-L1 adipocytes from being injured by LPS by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Apelin-13对高尿酸诱导的脂肪细胞氧化应激的作用

目的:探讨apelin-13对高尿酸诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞氧化应激的作用及其机制。方法:3T3-L1脂肪细胞予以10 mg/dL尿酸刺激,部分细胞予以1μmol/L apelin-13预处理,以100μmol/L H₂O₂刺激的细胞为阳性对照。48 h后,流式细胞术检测活性氧族(ROS)含量,生化试剂盒检测细胞及培养液上清抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]和促氧化酶NADPH氧化酶(NOX)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,real-time PCR法检测细胞局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)各组份血管紧张素原(AGT)、血管紧张素转化酶I(ACE1)、血管紧张素II 1型受体(AT1R)和AT2R及血管紧张素II 1型受体相关蛋(APJ)的mRNA表达水平,ELISA法检测细胞及培养液中血管紧张素II(AngⅡ)浓度。结果:10 mg/dL的尿酸明显降低3T3-L1脂肪细胞SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性,升高NOX的活性,增加MDA的含量,细胞内ROS的含量相应升高;apel...     

丹参酮ⅡA在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中促进脂联素的组装(英文)

目的:研究丹参酮IIA对3T3-L1脂肪细胞中脂联素表达和蛋白多聚化的作用。方法:用油红染色鉴定3T3-L1脂肪细胞的分化状态。用Real-time PCR检测基因的mRNA表达水平。用2%15%梯度SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测脂联素三种聚体。用siRNA技术进行基因沉默。结果:本研究发现传统中药丹参中的萘醌二萜类成分丹参酮IIA在脂肪细胞中激活AMPK通路,同时抑制脂肪细胞分化,降低脂联素的表达。而在前体脂肪细胞分化过程或成熟脂肪细胞中加入丹参酮IIA进行处理,均明显促进脂联素的多聚化,增加高聚体的浓度。抑制AMPK通路能够解除丹参酮IIA对脂联素的作用。结论:丹参酮IIA通过激活AMPK在3T3-L1脂肪细胞中促进脂联素的组装。     

不同来源人脂肪细胞脂联素分泌比较及干预研究

目的分析不同部位(腹部皮下、内脏网膜)人脂肪细胞脂联素分泌有无差异及游离脂肪酸(FFAs)、罗格列酮(RSG)干预后的改变。方法取6例外科手术女性患者的网膜及皮下脂肪组织,胶原酶消化分离纯化成熟脂肪细胞。观察两部位来源细胞在基础状态下不同时点(4、6、12、24h)脂联素分泌浓度的差异及加入FFAs(PA0.5mmol/L+OA1.0mmol/L)、FFAs+RSG(PA0.5mmol/L+OA1.0mmol/L+RSG10μmol/L)培养24h后脂联素浓度差异。结果整体上,网膜脂肪细胞基础脂联素分泌较皮下高,平均高5%,但差异无统计学意义。以基础脂联素分泌作对照,培养24h后,在网膜脂肪细胞,FFAs抑制脂联素分泌,脂联素浓度降至对照组66%,加入RSG联合培养后,逆转至对照组97%(P<0.05);而在皮下脂肪细胞,FFAs对脂联素分泌无抑制作用,RSG亦无促进脂联素分泌。结论人网膜脂肪细胞与皮下脂肪细胞在基础状态下脂联素分泌无差别,但在FFAs和(或)RSG介导的脂联素分泌中存在异质性。     

人骨髓基质干细胞体外诱导和鉴定

目的建立人自体骨髓基质干细胞(human menchymal stem cells,hMSCs)体外分离、鉴定体系,建立经诱导表达成骨、软骨、脂肪细胞表型的体外培养体系,探讨作为骨组织工程种子细胞的可能性,为组织工程技术应用打下基础。方法抽取患者骨髓5ml,以密度梯度法分离hMSCs,使用流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表型;应用免疫组化和分子生物学技术,对hMSCs进行成骨、软骨、脂肪细胞的诱导培养和表型鉴定。结果第2代hMSCs阳性细胞表达率CD105(78±6)%,CD166(43±7)%,CD29(69±12)%;hMSCs成骨诱导培养第3代平均扩增(163.4±13.4)倍,形成钙结节,骨细胞转录因子、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白和I型胶原免疫荧光阳性,RT-PCR证实有I型胶原、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白和骨结合素mRNA表达,对照组阴性;成软骨细胞诱导培养后II型胶原、SOX9(SRY-type HMGbox9,是在哺乳动物性别决定和软骨生成中起着关键调控作用的一个基因)。免疫荧光阳性,RT-PCR证实II型胶原、软骨聚集蛋白聚糖mRNA表达,对照组阴性;成脂肪细胞诱导培养后,油红-O染色阳性,RT-PCR证实PPAR2 mRNA...     

甘精胰岛素对体外培养的人脂肪细胞脂肪因子分泌及脂质合成与分解的影响

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素对体外培养的人脂肪细胞脂肪因子分泌及脂质合成与分解的影响.方法 原代培养人皮下前脂肪细胞,采用不同浓度的甘精胰岛素（20、200、500、1 000、1 500nmol/L）干预其分化过程,酶联免疫吸附法检测分化过程中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、瘦素、脂联素、视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）的分泌情况,比色法检测细胞内甘油三酯（TG）合成及培养基中甘油的释放量,实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测脂肪分化标志基因：过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPAR-γ）、CCAAT促进结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）以及脂联素、RBP4、脂质代谢基因脂肪细胞脂肪酸结合蛋白（aP2）、激素敏感性酯酶（LPL）转录情况.组内比较采用配对t检验,组间比较采用.结果（1）人脂肪组织可分离出前脂肪细胞,并诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,随着细胞的分化成熟,TNF-α、瘦素、脂联素、RBP4的分泌逐渐增加.（2）随着细胞的分化,细胞内TG含量逐渐增加,分化第15天时达峰值[（12.16±0.19）比（0.02 ±0.00） mmol·L-1·g-1,t=11.20,P＜0.001];培养基中甘油含量与甘精胰岛素浓度呈正相关,1 500比500nmol/L组增高[21 d：（961±15）比（611±10） μmol/L,t =3.70,P＜0.01],与分化时间无关.（3）RT-PCR结果：PPAR-γ、C/EBPα、脂联素、RBP4、aP2、LPL基因转录水平随着分化时间的延长逐渐增加,在第15 ～21天达峰值,与分化前比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）.结论 甘精胰岛素可诱导体外培养的人前脂肪细胞的分化,促进多种脂肪细胞因子的分泌,中低浓度促进脂质合成,高浓度可诱导脂质分解.