Narrative review of prostate cancer grading systems: will the Gleason scores be replaced by the Grade Groups?

The Gleason grading system, proposed by Dr. Donald F. Gleason in 1966, is one of the most important prognostic factors in men with prostate cancer (PCa). At consensus conferences held in 2005 and 2014, organized by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), the system was modified to reflect the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In particular, in the 2014 Conference, it was recognized that there were weaknesses with the original and the 2005 ISUP modified Gleason systems. Based on the results of a research conducted by Prof. JI Epstein and his group, a new grading system was proposed by the ISUP in order to address some of such deficiencies: i.e., the five distinct Grade Groups (GGs). Since 2014, results of studies have been published by different groups and societies, including the Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS), giving additional support to the prognostic role of the architectural Gleason patterns and, in particular, of the GGs. A revised GG system, taking into account the percentage of Gleason pattern (GP) 4, cribriform and intraductal carcinoma, tertiary GP 5, and reactive stroma grade, has shown to have some advantages, however not ready for adoption in the current practice. The aim of this contribution was to review the major updates and recommendations regarding the GPs and GSs, as well as the GGs, trying to give an answer to the following questions: “How has the grade group system been used in the routine?” and “will the Gleason scoring system be replace by the grade groups?” We also discussed the potential implementation in the future of molecular pathology and artificial intelligence in grading to further define risk groups in patients with PCa.     

我国如何提升应对突发公共卫生事件能力——从应对甲型H1N1流感过程中得到的启示

2009年的甲型流感作为《国际卫生条例(2005)经修订实施以来世界卫生组织首次宣布的能引起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,其应对措施在《国际卫生条例(2005)》的框架下操作实施.本文主要对IHR2005正式实施后国内外应对甲型H1N1流感的过程进行了分析和探讨,提出了我国提升应对突发公共卫生事件能力的建议和对策.     

“两个规范”与ISO9001：2008及ISO／IEC17025：2005质量管理体系的融合

将《血站质量管理规范》、《血站实验室质量管理规范》与ISO9001：2008、ISO／1EC17025：2005质量管理体系进行融合,在兼顾各条款要素的同时,以要求较高的要素为主,建立了一体化的血站质量管理体系。     

SCMC-ALL-2005方案治疗儿童B细胞型急性淋巴细胞白血病疗效观察

目的评估上海儿童医学中心-急性淋巴细胞性白血病-2005(SCMC-ALL-2005)治疗方案治疗儿童B细胞型ALL的疗效。方法按照SCMC-ALL-2005方案,5家医院对2005年5月1日至2009年4月30日新发B细胞型ALL患儿进行诊断、治疗和随访。结果研究期间共收治B细胞型ALL患儿601例,539例(89.68%)随访至2011年9月30日。601例患儿中,低危284例、中危231例、高危86例,均按照诊疗建议治疗。诱导期间缓解率为98.84%(7例未缓解),第一次事件发生时的中位时间为35个月(2.94年),至随访终止日的539例随访病例中共完成治疗403例(74.77%);低危组完成治疗223例(86.43%),中危组150例(73.17%),高危组30例(39.47%),三组间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。采用KaplanMeier方法评估患儿随访3年的总生存率为(83.3±1.8)%,3年无事件生存(EFS)率为(79.2±1.9)%;随访5年总生存率为(79.5±3.3)%,5年EFS率为(70.9±3.7)%。低、中、高危三组间3年及5年EFS率差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论SCMC-ALL-2005方案治疗儿童B细胞型ALL的疗效比较满意,多中心协作有助于儿童白血病的规范化治疗。     

社区儿童电子档案系统的设计及实现

本文介绍了一个C／S三层结构的社区儿童电子档案系统。通过该系统,不但可以获取社区儿童的各种统计信息,还可以了解联合国儿童保护法所规定的各项有关儿童身心健康的监测指标。社区儿童电子档案系统利用SQL Server2005为后台数据库,开发于时下流行的．NET2．0框架上。该系统已在南京市的两个社区内正常运行。     

Influence of concurrent exercise or nutrition countermeasures on thigh and calf muscle size and function during 60 days of bed rest in women

AIM: The goal of this investigation was to test specific exercise and nutrition countermeasures to lower limb skeletal muscle volume and strength losses during 60 days of simulated weightlessness (6 degrees head-down-tilt bed rest). METHODS: Twenty-four women underwent bed rest only (BR, n = 8), bed rest and a concurrent exercise training countermeasure (thigh and calf resistance training and aerobic treadmill training; BRE, n = 8), or bed rest and a nutrition countermeasure (a leucine-enriched high protein diet; BRN, n = 8). RESULTS: Thigh (quadriceps femoris) muscle volume was decreased (P < 0.05) in BR (-21 +/- 1%) and BRN (-24 +/- 2%), with BRN losing more (P < 0.05) than BR. BRE maintained (P > 0.05) thigh muscle volume. Calf (triceps surae) muscle volume was decreased (P < 0.05) to a similar extent (P > 0.05) in BR (-29 +/- 1%) and BRN (-28 +/- 1%), and this decrease was attenuated (P < 0.05) in BRE (-8 +/- 2%). BR and BRN experienced large (P < 0.05) and similar (P > 0.05) decreases in isometric and dynamic (concentric force, eccentric force, power and work) muscle strength for supine squat (-19 to -33%) and calf press (-26 to -46%). BRE maintained (P > 0.05) or increased (P < 0.05) all measures of muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The nutrition countermeasure was not effective in offsetting lower limb muscle volume or strength loss, and actually promoted thigh muscle volume loss. The concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise protocol was effective at preventing thigh muscle volume loss, and thigh and calf muscle strength loss. While the exercise protocol offset approximately 75% of the calf muscle volume loss, modification of this regimen is needed.