调整Kappa角及光学切削直径对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后的影响

目的　评价调整光学切削直径及Kappa角后对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ keratomileusis，LASIK）后效果的影响。方法　选取2017年1月至12月在我院行LASIK手术的高度近视患者313例（626眼），根据切削直径分成两组，试验组157例314眼，切削直径设定为6.0 mm，对照组156例312眼，切削直径设定为6.5 mm。试验组患者激光切削前修正Kappa角，对照组不做修正。患者术前进行裸眼视力、主视眼确定、验光、眼压、暗室下瞳孔直径、泪液分泌试验、裂隙灯、散瞳验光、眼底检查、pentacam测量角膜厚度、角膜地形图测量角膜前后表面及Kappa角等检查。术后1 d、1周、1个月随访，并检查裸眼视力、角膜厚度、波前像差及夜间视力、光晕、眩光等情况。比较两组患者角膜厚度变化、手术所用时间以及两组患者术后的高阶像差的差异。结果　试验组与对照组患者年龄分别为18～44（24.19±5.33）岁、18～42（25.08±4.91）岁，屈光度分别为（-7.47±1.04）D、（-7.61±1.12）D。两组年龄、屈光度比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。试验组与对照组患者术前Kappa角分别为，X轴:（210±40）μm、（200±30）μm，Y轴:（190±30）μm、（220±40）μm，差异无统计学意义（P=0.210）。两组手术前后的角膜厚度及术后角膜基质床的厚度差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。试验组与对照组的手术时间分别为（15.56±1.89）s和（20.83±3.03）s，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。试验组的总高阶像差和垂直慧差的变化均明显低于对照组（均为 P<0.01），但两组间的水平慧差差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），对照组的球差低于试验组（P<0.01）。结论　LASIK手术中科学合理地调整Kappa角可有助于提高患者术后的视觉质量。     

颈椎矢状位序列参数在评估脊髓型颈椎病治疗效果中的临床价值

目的探究颈椎矢状位序列参数在评估脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)治疗效果中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2018年9月于首都医科大学附属北京中医医院行颈椎前路Hybrid术治疗的41例CSM患者的临床资料,按照术前日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分均值将其分为JOA评分较低组(术前JOA评分<均值)和JOA评分较高组(术前JOA评分≥均值),分析术前JOA评分与术前颈椎矢状位序列参数的关系;根据术后JOA评分改善指数评估手术疗效,并分为疗效较好组(JOA评分改善指数≥均值)和疗效较差组(JOA评分改善指数<均值),分析JOA评分改善指数与术后颈椎矢状位序列参数变化幅度的关系。结果 JOA评分较低组和JOA评分较高组患者术前颈椎曲度、T_1倾斜角(T_1-slope,T_1S)、Cobb角、椎间盘高度、前柱高度、脊髓直径及k值比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,JOA评分改善指数与T_1S改变值、前柱增高值均无相关性(均P>0.05),而与颈椎曲度改变值、Cobb角改变值、前柱平均增高值和前柱较术前增高比值均呈显著正相关(r=0.375、0.402、0.351、0.447,均P<0.05)。结论颈椎矢状位序列参数对评估CSM患者术前神经功能障碍严重程度价值较小。部分颈椎矢状位参数变化幅度与手术疗效密切相关,有利于评估患者近期预后。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

骨盆直肠间隙脓肿致直肠穿孔1例

患者男,54岁,肛周肿痛12d,加重伴发热、肛门坠胀、排便困难3d入院。查体:T:39.20℃,P110次/min,截石位肛周红肿明显,以右侧为甚,触痛,肤温较高,无明显波动感,肛口稍变形,向左侧偏移,指检见有大量脓性分泌物自肛内流出,扪及610点位直肠内巨大包块,触痛明显,有波动感,加压时见有脓液溢出,肛门括约功能差。急查血常规:WBCl8.6X109/L,NEUT0.892。诊断为:肛周脓肿。当日在腰俞穴麻醉下行一期切开引流术,术中消毒肛内时见大量金黄色脓液流出,9点位肛周5cm处切口,可见大量脓液,右食指探入深约8cm处直肠右壁一溃口,左食指自切口探入与肛内相通,…     

动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响

[目的]探讨供血动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响。[方法]本组16例，脊索瘤7例，骨巨细胞瘤3例，骨转移瘤3例，骨肉瘤2例，神经纤维瘤1例。术前1d行肿瘤血管造影并用明胶海绵进行供血动脉栓塞。与对照组（结扎双侧髂内动脉骨盆肿瘤切除术）比较，观察其对术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、伤口愈合时间及术后各种功能恢复的影响。[结果]骨盆肿瘤切除术前肿瘤供血动脉栓塞与结扎双侧髂内动脉比较，除术中出血量外（P〉0．05），手术、住院、术后下床及伤口愈合时间在统计学上均有非常显著性差异（P〈0．001），而且结扎双侧髂内动脉可能对患者的性功能、排便功能等存在着不良的影响。[结论]肿瘤供血动脉栓塞骨盆肿瘤切除术可大大缩短手术、住院、术后下床、伤口愈合时间，且能更好地保护盆腔内外各组织器官的血运，从而避免其功能的损害。     

外障眼水超声雾化治疗49例流行性角结膜炎护理体会

目的：为了防治流行性角膜炎，有效控制疾病发展和传染。方法：采用本院制剂外障眼水超声雾化熏眼，配合洗眼等中西医结合护理。结果：治愈32例(62眼)，好转13例(26眼)，无效4例(8眼)总有效率91.8％。结论：外障眼水超声雾化熏眼，结合中西医护理，对治疗流行性角结膜炎效果满意。     

口内入路下颌角弧线形截骨术

目的:探索更好的下颌角肥大截骨缩小术式。方法:为获得更好的术后效果,我们采用口内入路下颌角弧形截骨术,将弧形截骨线延长到颏神经处,并对颏结节进行打磨,使截骨线延续流畅,伴小颏者同时行隆颏或颏截骨前移。结果:自2002年以来,我科采用口内入路下颌角长弧线形截骨术矫正320例下颌角肥大患者,均取得了良好的效果。结论:口内入路延长弧形截骨术缩小下颌角可以获得更好术后效果。     

经动脉逆行法射频导管消融房室结折返性心动过速

房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）通常在右侧Koch三角沿三尖瓣环消融慢径，需在左侧间隔部消融者罕见。现报道1例经动脉逆行法于左侧中间隔部位消融慢径成功，随访1年无复发。