祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将104例门诊患者按随机数字表法随机分为两组。对照组52例沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂,1吸/次,2次/d;多索茶碱,400mg/次,2次/d。治疗组52例祛风宣肺汤(麻黄、蜜枇杷叶、炒紫苏子各15g,蝉蜕、前胡、荆芥、炒牛蒡子、浙贝母、五味子、桔梗各10g,甘草8g,鱼腥草30g),水煎400mL,早晚温服,兼夹风寒者,加防风、紫菀、百部;兼夹风热者,加桑叶、菊花、薄荷、连翘;兼夹风燥者,加桑叶、杏仁、沙参;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗3周为1疗程。观测临床表现、FEV_1、FEV_1%、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、中医证候积分、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程(6周),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈26例,显效16例,有效7例,无效3例,总有效率94. 23%;对照组痊愈20例,显效13例,有效9例,无效10例,总有效率80. 77%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P 0. 05)。FEV_1、FEV_1%、FVC、PEF、中医证候积分两组均有改善(P 0. 01),治疗组改善优于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。[结论]祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺),疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。     

经鼻导管高流量吸氧与经鼻气道正压通气在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值比较

目的：比较经鼻导管高流量吸氧（HFNC）与经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP）在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值，为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法：选取2016年12月至2018年12月我院儿科收治的重症毛细支气管炎患儿90例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患儿入院后均给予常规综合治疗以保证呼吸道通畅，在此基础上观察组采用HFNC治疗，对照组采用nCPAP治疗，比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度（TcSO2）、呼吸窘迫评分体系（CSS）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）等呼吸相关指标及治疗前后临床症状体征改善情况。结果：两组患儿治疗24 h后呼吸频率、CSS评分均降低，且观察组降低程度更大，TcSO2、PaO2于治疗24 h后升高，观察组升高幅度较对照组明显；治疗后两组患儿咳嗽及肺部湿啰音、肺部炎症情况均改善，观察组症状体征消失时间早于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：重症毛细支气管炎患儿采用HFNC治疗可明显改善通气功能和临床症状，治疗效果优于nCPAP治疗，可扩大样本量进一步观察。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

微信平台健康教育模式对中青年居家腹膜透析患者焦虑及抑郁的干预效果

目的探索应用微信平台健康教育模式干预中青年居家腹膜透析患者焦虑及抑郁的效果。方法选择2016年1月至2018年12月右江民族医学院附属医院收治的122例中青年居家腹膜透析患者作为观察对象,按照健康教育模式不同,分成观察组(n=65)和对照组(n=57),观察组运用微信平台健康教育模式,针对居家腹膜透析患者焦虑、抑郁及不良事件进行重点干预,对照组则应用常规健康教育模式进行干预,观察比较两组干预的效果,干预前后的焦虑、抑郁改变情况及不良事件发生情况。结果观察组和对照组的透析总有效率分别为100.0%和89.5%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组透析效果更优;观察组患者干预后SAS、SDS评分分别为(32.15±2.56)分和(36.71±3.02)分,均明显低于对照组的得分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);观察组腹膜透析不良事件发生率12.3%(8/65),明显低于对照组的36.8%(21/57),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用微信平台健康教育模式对中青年居家腹膜透析患者实施干预,可提高患者的透析效果,焦虑和抑郁状况明显好转,腹膜透析不良事件发生率降低,是一种可行有效的教育及管理方式,值得推广。     

生物电阻抗分析在透析中的应用现状

透析患者普遍存在容量超负荷,准确地判断透析患者的容量状态非常重要。容量超负荷与透析高血压、左心室肥厚密切相关,容量不足又可导致低血压和残余肾功能下降。生物电阻抗分析是相对理想的检测容量状态的方法,具有简单、无创、价廉、重复性好、准确等特点,有望在透析患者容量状况的监测和营养状态的评估中占据重要地位。生物电阻抗分析在评估患者容量状态时能提供细胞外液、细胞内液及体液总量的客观数据,还能对人体成分的变化进行监测。     

曲美他嗪对尿毒症伴心肌病患者40例临床疗效分析

目的:分析曲美他嗪对尿毒症伴心肌病患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年4月—2016年6月间收治的尿毒症伴心肌病患者80例的临床资料,将其随机分为单一组40例与结合组40例;单一组患者均给予腹膜透析及血液透析等治疗,结合组患者则在单一组患者基础上加用曲美他嗪治疗,比较两组患者临床治疗后的总有效率及治疗期间不良反应的发生率。结果:结合组患者临床治疗后的总有效率明显好于单一组(P<0.05);不良反应的发生率低于单一组(P<0.05)。结论:尿毒症伴心肌病患者在腹膜透析及血液透析基础上,加用曲美他嗪治疗的临床疗效果较佳。