菊天牛的研究

本文记述了菊天牛的各期形态特征、主要生物学特性及防治方法。该虫在北京一年发生1代,以幼虫在根部潜伏越冬,寄主为14种菊科植物。剪除被产卵的枝梢,喷撒西维因粉防治成虫等措施有良好防治效果。     

西维因致男性工人精子DNA损伤的机制初探

目的:探讨西维因农药暴露与男性工人精子DNA损伤的关系,并探讨其可能的机制?方法:选择某农药厂西维因生产男工31名为暴露组;该厂行政区男性员工36名为内对照组;同地区男性行政人员22名为外对照组?检测3组人群精子DNA损伤?精浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及精子活性氧(ROS)含量?选用培养的小鼠精母细胞(GC2-spd细胞)进行体外功能学验证,在不同浓度西维因染毒条件下,分析细胞存活率?凋亡及SOD活性,ROS含量的变化?结果:与内?外对照组相比,暴露组男性精子DNA断裂损伤显著增加(P < 0.05)?精浆SOD活性降低及精子ROS增加(P < 0.05)?相关性分析的结果显示,精子DNA损伤与精浆SOD的活性负相关(r=-0.53,P < 0.001),与精子ROS水平呈正相关(r=0.32,P=0.002)?小鼠精母细胞随西维因染毒剂量增加细胞存活率显著下降,凋亡增多并且细胞SOD减少及ROS增加(P < 0.05)?结论:西维因可影响男性精液质量,其可能的机制是通过氧化应激导致精子DNA的损伤?     

西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

目的探讨西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化作用的影响。方法将80只健康成年清洁级SD大鼠按2×2析因设计随机分为4组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组、西维因单独染毒组(1/50 LD_(50),11.2 mg/kg)、氰戊菊酯单独染毒组(1/50 LD_(50),9.02 mg/kg)和西维因(11.2 mg/kg)+氰戊菊酯(9.02 mg/kg)染毒组,每组20只,雌雄各半。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,每天1次,每周6天,连续染毒8周。末次染毒24 h后,测量大鼠肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活力和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果西维因和氰戊菊酯联合染毒使雄鼠肝脏中SOD活力下降(P0.05)、MDA含量升高(P0.05),雌鼠肝脏中GSH含量下降(P0.05),交互效应均有统计学意义,对SOD、GSH表现为拮抗作用,对MDA表现为协同作用;其它指标交互作用均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论西维因和氰戊菊酯联合染毒对大鼠肝脏存在联合毒性作用,可能是通过破坏氧化-抗氧化系统的平衡,产生氧化损伤作用。     

水源水中西维因比色测定法的应用

水源水中西维因的比色测定方法是由中国预医学科学院环境卫生监测所提出,我们对此方法进行验证。1 基本原理 不中西维因与碱作用水解或1-萘酚,在酸性条件下,1-萘酚与4-硝基氟硼化重氮盐进行偶合反应生成橙色物质,在475nm处进行比色测定。     

三种农药免疫学指标的研究

The immunological response induced by pesticides HCH, Sevin and Malathion were studied. The results showed that the pesticides can produce the immunological changes even on low dose. These responses appeared more sensitive to toxicants than other biological responses indicated by biochemical parameters. The sensitiveness we found is especially meaningful in setting-up a early sensitive criterion for detecting the toxicity of those chemicals whose low toxicity were known but could not be determined due to lack of specific criterion. In addition, our studies also showed the dose-response relationship, and that this relationship gave the same as the specific criterion. Thus, the authors suggest that immunological criteria be considered as one of the toxicological assessment criteria on food safety.     

Night—time Rise in Rat Pineal N—Acetyltransferase due to Carbaryl Administration Is Reduced by Propranolol Treatment

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of administration of sublethal doses of carbaryl on nighttime rat pineal melatonin synthesis in the presence and absence of propranolol,a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.Two groups of adults male albino rats were administered orally N-methyl-l-naphthylcarbamate(carbaryl)(8.33mg/kg BW daily in corn oil)for six successive days;another two groups received corn oil only.On the last day of carbaryl treatment,half of the animals received an intrapetritoneal injection of propranolol(20mg/kg body weight,one hour before lights off).The other two groups were given a saline injection.Four hours after darkness onset.pineal N-acetyltransferase(NAT)and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase(HIOMT)activities as well as pineal concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptophean)5HTP),serotonin(5HT),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5HIAA)and pineal and serum melatonin levels were measured.Nocturnal NAT activity was increased due to carbaryl administration but the pesticide was ineffective in stimulating NAT activity in rats treated with propranolol.Pineal 5HT was decreased due to carbaryl administration but 5HTP and 5HIAA levels were unaffected.Pineal and serum melatonin levels were decreased due to propranolol treatment.The results indicate that carbaryl may influence pineal NAT activity by a mechanism that involvesβ- adrenergic neural transmission.     

酸模叶甲的初步研究

本文介绍了酸模叶甲的各期形态特征、主要生物学特性及防治方法。有一定的实用意义。     

低剂量西维因和氰戊菊酯农药联合染毒对大鼠子宫及机体氧化应激的影响

目的探讨低剂量西维因和氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雌性大鼠子宫系统和机体氧化应激的影响。方法将40只清洁级成年雌性SD大鼠按2×2析因设计随机分为4组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组、西维因单独染毒组(1/50LD50,11.2 mg/kg)、氰戊菊酯单独染毒组(1/50 LD50,9.02 mg/kg)和西维因(11.2 mg/kg)+氰戊菊酯(9.02 mg/kg)联合染毒组,每组10只。采用经口灌胃方式进行染毒,每天1次,每周6 d,连续染毒8周。末次染毒24 h后,测量大鼠体重和子宫重量,并计算子宫系数;测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活力和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及子宫一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活力。结果西维因和氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雌性大鼠体重、血清中GST水平均无交互作用(P>0.05);对大鼠子宫系数、血清中MDA含量均存在拮抗作用(P<0.05);对血清中SOD活力、GSH含量及子宫NOS活力存在协同作用(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论西维因和氰戊菊酯联合染毒对大鼠子宫系统存在联合毒性作用,可能是通过破坏氧化-抗氧化系统的平衡和影响子宫组织中NOS的活力等导致子宫功能的降低。     

西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雄性大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雄性大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡的影响.方法 选择健康成年清洁级雄性SD大鼠40只,按2×2析因设计随机分为4组,分别为阴性对照组(玉米油)、西维因(1/50 LD50,11.2 mg/kg)单独染毒组、氰戊菊酯(1/50 LD5o,9.02mg/kg)单独染毒组和西维因(11.2mg/kg)+...     

西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性

目的 探讨西维因与氰戊菊酯联合染毒对雄性大鼠睾丸的脂质过氧化作用以及对精子参数和血清激素水平的影响.方法 选择健康成年清洁级雄性SD大鼠40只,按2×2析因设计随机分为4组,分别为阴性对照(玉米油)组、西维因单独染毒组(1/50 LD50,11.2 mg/kg)、氰戊菊酯单独染毒组(1/50 LD50,9.02 mg/...