预泵注小剂量甲氧明在防治老年高血压患者髋部骨折手术全麻诱导期低血压中的效果观察

目的:探讨预泵注小剂量甲氧明在防治老年高血压患者髋部骨折手术全麻诱导期低血压中的作用。方法:选择拟在我院全麻下行髋部骨折手术的老年高血压患者40例,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组诱导前15min开始泵注1. 5～2μg/(kg·min)甲氧明,泵注30min;对照组诱导前15min泵注0. 9%NaCl,泵注30min。记录入室(T_0)、全麻诱导前(T_1)、全麻诱导后1min(T_2)、插管即刻(T_3)、插管后5min(T_4)、插管后10min(T_5)时MAP、HR。追加麻黄碱和阿托品的次数,麻醉期间不良事件的发生情况。结果:与对照组比较,实验组诱导后血压波动明显减少,低血压发生例数及麻黄碱追加次数明显减少(P<0. 05);心率变化无差异(P>0. 05)。结论:老年高血压患者髋部骨折手术全身麻醉诱导前持续泵注小剂量甲氧明能有效预防低血压及其他不良反应发生,保持患者血流动力学稳定。     

祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺)疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将104例门诊患者按随机数字表法随机分为两组。对照组52例沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂,1吸/次,2次/d;多索茶碱,400mg/次,2次/d。治疗组52例祛风宣肺汤(麻黄、蜜枇杷叶、炒紫苏子各15g,蝉蜕、前胡、荆芥、炒牛蒡子、浙贝母、五味子、桔梗各10g,甘草8g,鱼腥草30g),水煎400mL,早晚温服,兼夹风寒者,加防风、紫菀、百部;兼夹风热者,加桑叶、菊花、薄荷、连翘;兼夹风燥者,加桑叶、杏仁、沙参;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗3周为1疗程。观测临床表现、FEV_1、FEV_1%、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、中医证候积分、不良反应。连续治疗2疗程(6周),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痊愈26例,显效16例,有效7例,无效3例,总有效率94. 23%;对照组痊愈20例,显效13例,有效9例,无效10例,总有效率80. 77%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P 0. 05)。FEV_1、FEV_1%、FVC、PEF、中医证候积分两组均有改善(P 0. 01),治疗组改善优于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。[结论]祛风宣肺汤联合西药治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(风邪犯肺),疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。     

经鼻导管高流量吸氧与经鼻气道正压通气在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值比较

目的：比较经鼻导管高流量吸氧（HFNC）与经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP）在重症毛细支气管炎呼吸支持中的应用价值，为临床治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法：选取2016年12月至2018年12月我院儿科收治的重症毛细支气管炎患儿90例，采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。两组患儿入院后均给予常规综合治疗以保证呼吸道通畅，在此基础上观察组采用HFNC治疗，对照组采用nCPAP治疗，比较两组患儿治疗前和治疗24 h后呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度（TcSO2）、呼吸窘迫评分体系（CSS）评分、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）等呼吸相关指标及治疗前后临床症状体征改善情况。结果：两组患儿治疗24 h后呼吸频率、CSS评分均降低，且观察组降低程度更大，TcSO2、PaO2于治疗24 h后升高，观察组升高幅度较对照组明显；治疗后两组患儿咳嗽及肺部湿啰音、肺部炎症情况均改善，观察组症状体征消失时间早于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：重症毛细支气管炎患儿采用HFNC治疗可明显改善通气功能和临床症状，治疗效果优于nCPAP治疗，可扩大样本量进一步观察。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

盐酸羟考酮或吗啡静脉自控镇痛泵联合超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞在胃肠肿瘤根治术后的镇痛效果

目的探讨盐酸羟考酮或吗啡静脉自控镇痛泵(PCIA)联合超声引导下腹横机平面阻滞(TAP)在胃肠肿瘤根治术后的镇痛效果。方法选取2016年1月至2017年1月间上海闵行区中心医院收治的120例行胃肠肿瘤根治术患者,采用随机数表法分为A、B、C三组,每组40例。A组患者采用彩超引导下双侧TAP阻滞联合盐酸羟考酮PCIA治疗,B组患者采用彩超引导下双侧TAP阻滞联合吗啡PCIA治疗,C组患者采用彩超引导下双侧TAP阻滞联合生理盐水(安慰剂) PCIA治疗。观察三组患者术后2h、6h、12h、24h和48h静息和咳嗽状态下的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术中舒芬太尼用量、术后24h补救镇痛率、48h静脉自控镇痛泵(PCIA)有效按压次数及用药不良反应。结果 A组患者2h、6h、12h、24h和48h静息和咳嗽状态下VAS评分均低于B组和C组,且B组患者不同状态下不同时间点与C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。三组患者术中舒芬太尼用量比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。C组患者24h补救镇痛率均高于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),A组低于B组,但差异无统计学意义。C组患者48h PCIA有效按压次数均少于A组和B组,且A组少于B组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。三组患者用药不良反应比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P> 0. 05)。A组患者恶心呕吐发生率高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论超声引导下双侧TAP阻滞联合盐酸羟考酮PCIA应用于胃肠肿瘤根治术后患者镇痛效果确切,且无明显用药不良反应。     

ICU危重患者应用微量泵注入胰岛素时的观察与护理干预

目的分析和探讨对ICU危重患者应用微量泵注入胰岛素时的观察与护理干预。方法选择2013年1月—2014年1月该院收治的60例应用微量泵注入胰岛素治疗的ICU危重患者为研究对象,随机分组为观察组与对照组各30例,观察组给予综合护理模式,对照组给予常规护理模式。评价指标为两组血糖恢复正常的时间、住院时间、护理前后血糖的变化等。结果观察组患者血糖恢复正常时间及住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);护理后,两组患者血糖均较护理前降低;观察组血糖水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合护理模式的护理效果显著,对于患者病情的改善及血糖的控制起着重要的作用,值得在临床推广应用。