围术期氧气雾化护理干预在老年患者全身麻醉腹部手术中的应用

目的 探究在老年患者全身麻醉腹部手术的过程中,应用围术期氧气雾化护理干预的效果.方法 方便选取46例老年全身麻醉腹部手术患者进行围术期氧气雾化护理干预,并归为观察组,选取另外40例患者采用常规干预,并归为对照组,两组患者均为该院2013年2月—2016年5月间收治.结果 针对性比较两组患者的咳嗽咳痰发生率发现,观察组患者30.43%明显较低(对照组为47.50%);针对性比较两组患者的咳嗽咳痰轻重程度发现,观察组患者相对较轻,观察组轻度所占比例为50.00%,对照组仅为26.31%;针对性比较两组患者的肺部感染发生率发现,观察组发生率23.91%相对较低(对照组为40.00%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 围术期氧气雾化护理干预在老年患者全身麻醉腹部手术中的应用发现,其能够帮助患者临床情况得到较好的改善,同时减少患者出现相应的不良事件,促进患者及时恢复,因此值得临床借鉴.     

游离胆红素对新生儿机体影响的研究进展

胆红素作为代谢产物广泛存在于机体体液、组织、器官中,其主要表现为两种形式,即游离胆红素和结合胆红素,临床也常称之为脂溶性胆红素和水溶性胆红素。目前发现胆红素在体内有着"双刃剑"的作用,即生理浓度的胆红素在体内发挥着积极的保护作用,而超生理浓度的胆红素却显现出诸多损害表现。但由于新生儿个体差异显著、合并症复杂、病情进展快等因素,使得在准确界定胆红素临界浓度方面变得尤为困难,考虑到当前高胆红素血症在临床发病率逐年升高且可导致严重的中枢神经损伤,该文就游离胆红素对新生儿的机体影响进行综述。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

判定胰岛素抵抗有没有一个最简单的办法？

以美国斯坦福大学医学院为首,加州大学洛杉矶分校、旧金山分校、加州奥克兰儿童医院研究所等4家医院,这几年做的胰岛素抑制葡萄糖钳制试验都加起来共490例,做为测定胰岛素抵抗的金标准.以在稳态血胰岛素(SSPI)情况下测出稳态时血葡萄糖浓度(SSPG)为胰岛素抵抗指标.SSPG越高,胰岛素抵抗越明显.作者在2000年以SSPG与其他多种指标比较,发现与SSPG相关最佳指标是75 g葡萄糖负荷时,2 h内多点测定胰岛素浓度联成曲线下面积(AUC)与SSPG相关系数为0.67～0.79.     

浅表性胃炎患者胃液氨浓度测定

目前，国内对胃氨浓度的测定方法及正常值，胃氨浓度与浅表性胃炎的关系报道较少，为了探讨我国成年人胃氨浓度正常值及对浅表性胃炎疾病的影响程度，以我院就诊患为对象，内镜下用胃管取胃液并测定氨浓度。现将结果报告分析如下。     

杀虫粉剂混配对德国小蠊的灭效观察

德国小蠊对各种杀虫剂具有很强的适应能力，很多杀虫剂对其作用过几次甚至一次后便要增大使用浓度。我们对比研究了几种杀虫剂对德国小蠊的灭效，将其按一定的比例混配进行滞留喷洒，组合套餐交叉使用，观察对德国小蠊的杀灭效果。