乙苯/苯乙烯生产过程的优化运行研究

针对乙苯/苯乙烯实际生产装置,分别建立了烷基化、烷基转移、乙苯精馏、乙苯脱氢、苯乙烯精馏生产过程的机理模型,该机理模型与实际生产过程误差范围在2%左右。以该模型为基础进行系统优化操作设计,生产装置实际运行结果表明：基于该优化操作系统,可有效降低装置的能耗,为其他乙苯/苯乙烯装置的优化运行奠定了基础。     

乙苯对职业人群血中神经递质水平的影响

目的 探讨乙苯对职业人群神经递质水平的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为乙苯接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,获取乙苯职业接触的基本信息;高效液相色谱法测定班后尿中乙苯代谢物苯乙醇酸(MA)和苯乙醛酸(PGA)含量,反相高效液相色谱法、荧光分光光度法和5,5-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)法测定血清中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、多巴胺(DA)水平和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活力,检测血生化指标天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)和血液学指标.结果 接触组MA、PGA及MA+PGA水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组和接触组血液中各生化指标(AST、ALT、TP、ALB、BUN、Cr、ALP、TBIL)和血液学指标(WBC、RBC、Hb、PLT)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);接触组血清DA水平[(0.21±0.011)mg/L]和AChE活力[(0.321±0.066)μ/L]均明显低于对照组[分别为(0.25±0.015)mg/L、(0.583±0.125)μ/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组人群血清中GABA水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MA和PGA可作为乙苯接触后生物内剂量指标.生化和血液学指标发生明显变化之前,乙苯接触对工人血中神经递质水平有一定的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of occupational ethylbenzene exposure on blood neurotransmitter levels in population. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and the control group was composed of 122 staffs from the offices. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The mandelic acid (MA)and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in the post-working urine were measured using the high performance liquid chromatography. The levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA)and acetylcholinesterase (AchE)activity were detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, spectrofluorometry and DTNB method, respectively.The blood biochemical indexes: alanine transarninase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL)were examined. Also the hematologic indexes: red blood cell ( RBC ), white blood cell ( WBC ), hemoglobin ( HGB ) and platelet ( PLT)were determined.Results The levels of MA, PGA and MA+PGA of urine in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences of the biochemical indexes ( AST, ALT, TP,ALB, BUN, Cr, ALP and TBIL), hematologic indexes (WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT)and serum GABA between the exposure group and the control group (P＞0.05). But the serum DA[(0.21 ±0.011 )mg/L] and AChE levels [(0.321±0.066) U/L] in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.25±0.015 )mg/L,(0.583±0.125)U/L],respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion MA and PGA in urine can serve as the biomarkers of internal exposure dose. Before the obvious changes of biochemical indexes and hematologic indexes appear, the exposure to ethylbenzene can influence the blood neurotransmitter levels in workers exposed to ethylbenzene.     

采用GC法测定苯乙烯骨架型大孔吸附树脂中三种有机残留物的含量

[目的 ]测定苯乙烯骨架型大孔吸附树脂中二乙苯、乙基苯乙烯、二乙烯苯的残留。 [方法 ]吸附树脂通过丙酮乙醇(2∶8)热回流 ,利用弹性石英毛细管柱 /气相色谱法进行检测。 [结果 ]3种残留物的检出限为 16、5 3、4 4 μg/kg。 [结论 ]本法简便、灵敏 ,可用于检测苯乙烯骨架型大孔吸附树脂的有机残留物。     

乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响

目的 评价乙苯对职业人群神经行为的影响.方法 选择某石化公司苯乙烯合成原料车间246名乙苯上料工为接触组,相应的公司办公人员122名作为对照组,通过问卷调查,收集乙苯职业接触的基本信息.通过WHO神经行为核心测试组合(NCTB)法,测试对象的个体神经行为功能.结果 接触组和对照组的4项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、困惑)得分之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),接触组的积极情绪状态(有力)得分(16.29±8.61)明显低于对照组(18.46±9.52),疲劳得分(9.23±1.27)明显高于对照组(7.16±1.15),(P＜0.05).接触组的平均反应时、数字广度得分明显高于对照组,手提转敏捷度、视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按不同的工龄分段,接触组各工龄段间视觉记忆、目标追踪-Ⅱ正确打点数得分的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),3～、4～和5～年工龄段的5项消极情绪状态(紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳、困惑)得分及平均反应时得分均明显高于0～和2～年工龄段.3～、4～年工龄段的数字广度和3～、4～和5～年工龄段的手提转敏捷度、数字译码得分皆明显低于0～和2～年工龄段,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乙苯可降低接触工人神经行为功能,工人神经行为功能在工龄为3年时发生了明显变化,工龄3年左右工人为乙苯神经行为损害的易感人群.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the influence of ethylbenzene on the neurobehavior of occupationally exposed workers. Methods The exposure group consisted of 246 workers occupationally exposed to ethylbenzene and 172 staffs from the offices served as controls. The basic information on ethylbenzene exposure was collected by the questionnaire. The nervous behavior and function of workers were evaluated by Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB). Results There were no differences of the scores for four emotional states (tension, depression, angry and bewilderment) between exposure group and control group (P＞0.05). The score of emotion (vigor) in exposure group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05), but the fatigue score in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The score of mean reaction time in exposure group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), the scores of digital span, manual dexterity, visual retention and target tracking in exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05). The exposure group was divided into 5 sub-groups,according to working duration. There were no differences for the scores of visual retention and target tracking among 5 sub-groups (P＞0.05). The scores of five emotional states (tension, depression, angry, fatigue and bewilderment) in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly higher than those in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). The scores of digital span in 2 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3～ or 4～ years and the scores of manual dexterity and digital symbol in 3 sub-groups exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 ～, 4～ and 5～ years were significantly lower than those in 2 subgroups exposed to ethylbenzene for 0～ and 2 ～ years (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ethylbenzene can depress the neurobehavioral functions of exposed workers. The neurobehavioral functions of workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years changed significantly. The workers exposed to ethylbenzene for 3 years may be the susceptible population of neurobehavioral function impairment.     

乙苯对HEI-OC1细胞增殖及氧化应激水平的影响

目的:研究乙苯染毒后耳蜗毛细胞株（HEI-OC1）细胞增殖及氧化指标的变化。方法:于2019年7至12月,设置乙苯浓度分别为0、30、60、90、300、600、900 μmol/L和3、6、9、10 mmol/L,共11个浓度组,用CCK-8法测定乙苯染毒24 h后HEI-OC1细胞增殖活性;以0、1、2、4、8、1...     

邻—乙基苯肼盐酸盐的合成

以邻－乙基硝基苯为原料，经还原，重氮化，还原三步反应合成邻－乙基苯肼盐酸盐，总收率达87．4％，方法简便，快速准确。     

多段负压绝热乙苯脱氢反应工艺

乙苯催化脱氢制苯乙烯是苯乙烯工业生产的重要方法，经典的脱氢工艺分为二段绝热、负压脱氢、段间再热等过程。本文探讨了三段绝热负压脱氢工艺，与经典二段相比，三段工艺反应温差小、乙苯转化率可达70％以上，单程收率提高11％，生产能力有了较大的提高，同时水蒸气用量较少，是一项有竞争力的技术。     

自动顶空-毛细管气相色谱法测定饮用水中11种挥发性有机物

<正>饮用水中常见的挥发性有机物通常包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、异丙苯、氯苯、苯乙烯等。除了苯是已知的致癌物以外,其他几种化合物对人体和水生生物均有不同程度的毒性。苯系物在我国大部分水系均有检出,其中甲苯、乙苯的检出频率高达70%。2007年7月实施的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)将原来毒理指标中     

空气中乙苯的热解吸气相色谱法

用活性炭采集空气中的乙苯,然后于350℃解吸,将解吸气收集在注射器中,用气相色谱仪分析。文中对解吸温度、解吸体积及共存苯系物对解吸效率的影响等进行了试验,结果表明解吸100ml即可达到稳定,共存的苯、甲苯、二甲苯对乙苯的解吸效率无影响。