150例颅面部外伤中眼部损伤的CT发现与临床表现的相关性研究

目的　探讨颅面部外伤中眼部损伤的部位和程度与CT扫描发现之间的关系。方法　回顾性分析 15 0例眼部损伤病人的临床表现和CT结果。结果　爆裂骨折多发生于内下壁 ,直接骨折以外壁多见 ,复合骨折常引起多眶壁骨折。合并颅骨骨折 92例。临床表现主要为眶周组织肿胀、眼球运动障碍和视力下降等。结论　CT扫描对眼部损伤病人选择治疗方案和评估预后有重要意义     

脆性X染色体综合征家系遗传学分析

对一个脆性X染色体阳性家系进行了调查,用缺叶酸培养基(TC199)检查2名患者,脆性X检出率分别为13％,19％,本家系内尚有1名男性携带者,提示该家系脆性X染色体综合征不属于典型的X连锁隐性遗传。     

Body composition in young female adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. A prospective case-control study.

AIMS: Overweight is common during late puberty in female patients with Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the change in body composition from late puberty to early adulthood in such female patients in comparison with age-matched control subjects. METHODS: Eighteen females with Type 1 diabetes and 19 healthy female control subjects were recruited for a case-control study at the age of 16-19 years (baseline). Six years later, 16 of the diabetic females and 17 of the control subjects were re-examined (follow-up). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (total fat mass/height2) were significantly higher at baseline in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects (26.4 +/- 2.6 vs. 23.9 +/- 3.7 kg/m2, P < 0.05, and 10.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m2, P = 0.04, respectively). At follow-up, these parameters still tended to be higher in the diabetic group (27.8 +/- 4.9 vs. 24.6 +/- 5.7 kg/m2, P = 0.09, and 11.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 8.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, P = 0.05, respectively). BMI at baseline was strongly correlated to BMI at follow-up in both diabetic patients (r = 0.60; P < 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.83; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increased fat mass in pubertal girls with Type 1 diabetes seems to persist in young adulthood. This study emphasizes the need for new strategies to prevent the development of overweight during puberty in diabetic girls.     

喉部CT仿真内窥镜成像技术的探讨

目的：探讨喉部CT仿真内窥镜(CT virtual endoscopy，CTVE)的成像质量及其影响因素。方法：对84例喉部螺旋CT扫描者行CTVE成像，根据喉腔内部结构、病灶、黏膜皱襞的显示情况和有无伪影将CTVE图像分为3级，分别比较CTVE技术在不同的扫描层厚、重建层厚及阈值的情况下图像质量的优劣。结果：CT原始扫描层厚为2mm、3mm分别与5mm、8mm的CTVE图像质量相比较，有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；重建层厚为2mm、3mm与5mm相比较，均有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；阈值为 -800— -600HU与阈值为-300HU相比较，有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论：不同的CT原始扫描层厚、重建层厚及阈值对CTVE图像的质量影响有明显差异。选用合适的原始扫描参数及重建参数，可以提高CTVE图像的质量，对喉部疾病的诊断很有帮助。     

Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition: a comparison of in vivo and ex vivo measures of reversible effects

Summary A behavioural test involving potentiation of the effects of an acute injection of x7271302rh6v77j5/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-phenylethylamine (10 mg kg^&#x2013;1 i.p.) was used to assess the time-course of type-B MAO inhibition after administration of (&#x2013;)deprenyl (5 mg kg^&#x2013;1 i.p.) and of MD 240928 (20 mg kg^&#x2013;1 i.p.) respectively. Potentiation of the effects of x7271302rh6v77j5/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-phenylethylamine was observed 1 h after injection of (&#x2013;)deprenyl or MD 240928. This effect was still evident 120 h after administration of (&#x2013;)deprenyl but not 24 h after administration of MD 240928. Comparisons of ex vivo estimates of MAO activity yielded a corresponding time-course for the recovery of this enzyme. The extent of MAO inhibition required for potentiation of the effects of x7271302rh6v77j5/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-phenylethylamine was inferred from a comparison of the behavioural test results and the ex vivo MAO activity observed after (&#x2013;)deprenyl administration. These comparisons indicate a significant underestimation of MD 240928-induced MAO inhibition using ex vivo measures. This underestimation is interpreted as evidence fordilution effects in the ex vivo assay of MAO inhibition. The potentiation of effects of x7271302rh6v77j5/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-phenylethylamine under the present conditions is proposed as a useful and simple test for effects of reversible type-B MAO inhibitors.     

Adult-onset rod disease with abundant intranuclear rods

Summary The third case of adult-onset rod disease (nemaline myopathy) with abundant myofibrillar as well as intranuclear rods is described. The 61-year-old woman suffered from progressive weakness of proximal extremities and of the neck, mimicking polymyositis. Muscle biopsy revealed a striking myopathic pattern, with intranuclear rods occurring in 31% of the fibres. On light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical study, the rods differed from myofibrillar rods. The absence of x83816k16684k231/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-actinin in intranuclear rods suggests an enhanced readiness of actin filaments to bind to diverse proteins, instead of overproduction of x83816k16684k231/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-actinin as the pathogenetic basis of the rod formation.     

Fatal intoxications in Denmark following intake of morphine from opium poppies

Summary In Denmark it is legal to grow opium poppies for the production of poppy seeds and until 1986 for decoration purposes, too. Danish poppy capsules contain 0.3&#x2013;5 mg morphine per capsule and the content of morphine in opium exuded from the capsules may amount to 24%. This has resulted in misuse as both fresh and dried poppy capsules have been used for the production of x3253h740tg5801p/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">opium teax3253h740tg5801p/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">. During the period 1982&#x2013;1985, seven casualties occurred among drug addicts in Denmark which were solely or partly caused by these opium poppies.     

Only activated but not non-activated presynaptic α2-autoreceptors interfere with neighbouring presynaptic receptor mechanisms

Summary Experiments were carried out in rabbit cerebrocortical slices in order to find out whether the attenuation by presynaptic x323/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-autoreceptors of effects mediated by presynaptic opioid x323/xxlarge954.gif" alt="kappa" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">- and adenosine A₁-receptors requires activation of the x323/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-receptors. The slices were preincubated with ³H-noradrenaline and then superfused with medium containing desipramine 1 x323/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l. They were stimulated electrically either with single pulses or with trains of 32 pulses at 1 Hz.The overflow of tritium elicited by a single pulse amounted to 0.21% of the tritium content of the tissue. It was Ca²⁺-dependent and tetrodotoxin-sensitive and not changed by rauwolscine 1 x323/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l or yohimbine 0.3 x323/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l. Ethylketocyclazocine (EK; 0.1&#x2013;10 nmol/l) and R-(&#x2013;)-N⁶-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA; 1&#x2013;1,000 nmol/1) potently inhibited the overflow evoked by a single pulse, and their effects were not changed by yohimbine. &#x2014; The overflow of tritium elicited by trains of 32 pulses at 1 Hz amounted to 0.92% of the tritium content of the tissue and was increased approximately fourfold by yohimbine 0.3 x323/xxlarge956.gif" alt="mgr" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mol/l. EK and PIA were less potent inhibitors than in the one pulse experiments. Yohimbine greatly enhanced the effects of EK and PIA. The enhancement was even more pronounced when the Ca²⁺ concentration in the medium was reduced in order to obtain a control tritium overflow similar to that evoked by 32 pulses in the absence of yohimbine.The results demonstrate that there is no x323/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenergic autoinhibition when noradrenaline release is elicited by a single pulse. Under these conditions, the non-activated presynaptic x323/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenoceptor does not interfere with presynaptic opioid x323/xxlarge954.gif" alt="kappa" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">- and adenosine A₁-receptor mechanisms. It is only when the autoreceptor is activated by released noradrenaline that it attenuates neighbouring presynaptic receptor mechanisms, and this attenuation is removed by x323/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenoceptor antagonists.Send offprint requests to N. Limberger at the above address     

Presynaptic β2-adrenoceptors on the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human saphenous vein: no evidence for involvement in adrenaline-mediated positive feedback loop regulating noradrenergic transmission

Summary Spirally cut strips of human saphenous veins preincubated with ³H-noradrenaline were superfused in the presence of corticosterone and, unless stated otherwise, of cocaine or desipramine. Tritium overflow was stimulated electrically (2 Hz). Adrenaline (in the presence of rauwolscine), isoprenaline and the preferential x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenoceptor agonist procaterol concentration-dependently increased the electrically evoked tritium overflow. Prenalterol, a x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-adrenoceptor agonist with moderate preference for x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">₁-adrenoceptors, was ineffective. The concentration-response curve of isoprenaline was shifted to the right by the nonselective x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol and by the preferential x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551, but was not affected by the x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">₁-selective antagonist atenolol. In experiments on strips preexposed to adrenaline 10 nmol/l (i. e. a concentration higher than that which normally occurs in vivo) for 32 min in the absence of cocaine or desipramine, the electrically evoked ³H overflow was not affected 12 and 44 min after withdrawal of adrenaline, irrespective of whether propranolol was absent or present in the superfusion fluid. &#x2014; In veins incubated with ³H-adrenaline, a considerable amount of the radioactivity was accumulated. During subsequent superfusion with ³H-adrenaline-free solution, electrical stimulation induced tritium overflow in a tetrodotoxin-sensitive manner. Propranolol failed to modify the evoked tritium overflow. &#x2014; It is concluded that the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human saphenous vein are endowed with facilitatory presynaptic x60v51903p1/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">₂-adrenoceptors. These receptors do not seem to play a substantial role in a local adrenaline (previously taken up)-mediated positive feedback loop regulating noradrenergic transmission, at least under the present in vitro conditions.This study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Send offprint requests to M. Göthert     

A Biotin–Avidin-Based Enzyme Immunoassay for βh-Endorphin

An avidin&#x2013;biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for x1l/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">_h-endorphin (x1l/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">_h-EP). Microtiter plates coated with commercially available antibodies were used together with x1l/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">_h-EP tracer derivatives that were biotinylated in positions 24, 28, and 29 via a C₆ spacer arm. Nonspecific binding of biotinylated derivatives to the microtiter plates was blocked with a mixture of 1% casein and 10% ethanolamine in 0.1 M NaHCO₃. A sequential saturation procedure using a high-affinity antiserum in combination with an avidin&#x2013;alkaline phosphatase complex matched the sensitivity of reported radioimmunoassays (RIAs), with a detection limit of 0.5 fmol/assay. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 5 and 12%, respectively. Results obtained by ELISA and RIA showed good correlations (r = 0.95). The x1l/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-EP concentration in extracted rat plasma after high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fractionation was determined by this method to be 1600 fmol/ml.