全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13195篇 |
免费 | 1005篇 |
国内免费 | 326篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 147篇 |
儿科学 | 133篇 |
妇产科学 | 110篇 |
基础医学 | 1523篇 |
口腔科学 | 608篇 |
临床医学 | 1367篇 |
内科学 | 2402篇 |
皮肤病学 | 497篇 |
神经病学 | 417篇 |
特种医学 | 598篇 |
外科学 | 2625篇 |
综合类 | 1406篇 |
预防医学 | 461篇 |
眼科学 | 343篇 |
药学 | 1285篇 |
12篇 | |
中国医学 | 449篇 |
肿瘤学 | 143篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 56篇 |
2023年 | 378篇 |
2022年 | 415篇 |
2021年 | 390篇 |
2020年 | 485篇 |
2019年 | 400篇 |
2018年 | 368篇 |
2017年 | 413篇 |
2016年 | 398篇 |
2015年 | 391篇 |
2014年 | 623篇 |
2013年 | 977篇 |
2012年 | 538篇 |
2011年 | 630篇 |
2010年 | 611篇 |
2009年 | 540篇 |
2008年 | 540篇 |
2007年 | 567篇 |
2006年 | 437篇 |
2005年 | 466篇 |
2004年 | 444篇 |
2003年 | 344篇 |
2002年 | 318篇 |
2001年 | 303篇 |
2000年 | 229篇 |
1999年 | 227篇 |
1998年 | 250篇 |
1997年 | 207篇 |
1996年 | 201篇 |
1995年 | 184篇 |
1994年 | 161篇 |
1993年 | 145篇 |
1992年 | 166篇 |
1991年 | 135篇 |
1990年 | 140篇 |
1989年 | 130篇 |
1988年 | 124篇 |
1987年 | 121篇 |
1986年 | 100篇 |
1985年 | 106篇 |
1984年 | 129篇 |
1983年 | 63篇 |
1982年 | 97篇 |
1981年 | 92篇 |
1980年 | 80篇 |
1979年 | 70篇 |
1978年 | 65篇 |
1977年 | 64篇 |
1976年 | 50篇 |
1975年 | 42篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Erik de Bakker Mirthe A. M. van der Putten Martijn W. Heymans Sander W. Spiekstra Taco Waaijman Liselotte Butzelaar Vera L. Negenborn Vivian K. Beekman Erman O. Akpinar Thomas Rustemeyer Frank B. Niessen Susan Gibbs 《Experimental dermatology》2021,30(1):169-178
Unpredictable hypertrophic scarring (HS) occurs after approximately 35% of all surgical procedures and causes significant physical and psychological complaints. Parallel to the need to understanding the mechanisms underlying HS formation, a prognostic tool is needed. The objective was to determine whether (systemic) immunological differences exist between patients who develop HS and those who develop normotrophic scars (NS) and to assess whether those differences can be used to identify patients prone to developing HS. A prospective cohort study with NS and HS groups in which (a) cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (b) the irritation threshold (IT) after an irritant (sodium lauryl sulphate) patch test was evaluated. Univariate regression analysis of PBMC cytokine secretion showed that low MCP‐1, IL‐8, IL‐18 and IL‐23 levels have a strong correlation with HS (P < .010‐0.004; AUC = 0.790‐0.883). Notably, combinations of two or three cytokines (TNF‐a, MCP‐1 and IL‐23; AUC: 0.942, Nagelkerke R2: 0.727) showed an improved AUC indicating a better correlation with HS than single cytokine analysis. These combination models produce good prognostic results over a broad probability range (sensitivity: 93.8%, specificity 86.7%, accuracy 90,25% between probability 0.3 and 0.7). Furthermore, the HS group had a lower IT than the NS group and an accuracy of 68%. In conclusion, very fundamental immunological differences exist between individuals who develop HS and those who do not, whereas the cytokine assay forms the basis of a predictive prognostic test for HS formation, the less invasive, easily performed irritant skin patch test is more accessible for daily practice. 相似文献
3.
《Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics》2019,34(1):87-94
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the involvement of Mate1 in the tubular secretion of trimethoprim and saturation of Mate1-mediated efflux to address the mechanisms underlying the pharmacokinetic drug interactions with trimethoprim. Trimethoprim is a more potent inhibitor of MATE2-K than MATE1 with Ki values (μM) of 0.030–0.28 and 2.4–5.9, respectively. Trimethoprim is a substrate of human MATE1 and MATE2-K with Km values of 2.3 ± 0.9 and 0.018 ± 0.004 μM, and mouse Mate1, but not human OCT2, mouse Oct1 and Oct2. Pyrimethamine significantly reduced the renal clearance (CLR) of trimethoprim (mL/min/kg) from 40.0 ± 5.1 to 20.1 ± 3.7 (p < 0.05). Trimethoprim was given to mice at three infusion rates (150, 500, and 1500 nmol/min/kg). Together with an increase in the plasma concentrations of trimethoprim, the CLR (mL/min/kg) of trimethoprim decreased to 25.9 ± 3.2, 13.5 ± 5.7, and 8.92 ± 1.50 at the respective rates. Trimethoprim decreased the CLR of rhodamine 123 in an infusion rate-dependent manner: 11.5 ± 1.3 (control), 5.17 ± 1.55, 1.31 ± 0.50, and 0.532 ± 0.180. These results suggest that Mate1 mediates the tubular secretion of trimethoprim, and at therapeutic doses, MATEs-mediated efflux can be saturated, and thereby, cause drug interactions with other MATE substrates. 相似文献
4.
糖尿病足溃疡(DFUs)是糖尿病严重的并发症之一,发病率和截肢率高,目前具体发病机制仍未完全明确。相关研究表明,炎症、感染和营养障碍等多种因素共同影响DFUs的转归及预后。抑制相关炎症通路和细胞因子表达,可促使坏死组织脱落促进愈合。此外,细胞因子信号传导抑制因子家族蛋白(SOCS)可通过激活蛋白酪氨酸激酶(JAK)/信号转导和转录活化因子(STAT)信号通路参与细胞因子信号转导,参与DFUs创面炎症反应以及愈合过程。近年来,大量研究发现具有“去腐生新”功效的单味中药及其活性成分、中药复方对DFUs具有很好的疗效,研究中药治疗DFUs的具体机制已成为近些年来研究的热点之一。文章查阅近年文献,就SOCS通路与DFUs的关系及中医药治疗DFUs作用机制进行综述。 相似文献
5.
6.
《Journal of endodontics》2019,45(10):1228-1236
IntroductionThe balance between the host proinflammatory immune response and the counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses supposedly determine the outcome of periapical lesions. In this scenario, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may exert a protective role because of its prominent immunoregulatory capacity. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the potential involvement of VIP in the development of human and experimental periapical lesions.MethodsPeriapical granulomas (n = 124) and control samples (n = 48) were comparatively assessed for VIP and multiple immunologic/activity marker expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Experimental periapical lesions (C57Bl/6 wild-type mice) were evaluated regarding endogenous VIP expression correlation with lesion development and the effect of recombinant VIP therapy in lesion outcome. CCR4KO and IL4KO strains and anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein inhibition were used to test the involvement of Treg and Th2 cells in VIP-mediated effects.ResultsVIP expression was more prevalent in periapical granulomas than in controls, presenting a positive association with immunoregulatory factors and an inverse association/correlation with proinflammatory mediators and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. Endogenous VIP expression up-regulation was temporally associated with lesion immunoregulation and a decline of bone loss. VIP therapy in mice prompted the arrest of lesion development, being associated with an anti-inflammatory and proreparative response that limits the proinflammatory, Th1, Th17, and osteoclastogenic response in the periapex. The VIP protective effect was dependent of Treg migration and activity and independent of interleukin 4.ConclusionsOur results show that VIP overexpression in human and experimental periapical lesions is associated with lesion inactivity and that VIP therapy results in the attenuation of experimental lesion progression associated with the immunosuppressive response involving Treg cells. 相似文献
7.
海水浸泡爆炸伤延期植皮最佳时机的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的确定海水浸泡爆炸伤延期植皮的最佳时机。方法建立海水浸泡爆炸伤动物模型后,分别于0、3、7、14d切取创面组织作病理切片,镜下观察创面受床的病理改变;同期对创区实施植皮术,通过计算机全自动图像分析系统准确计算出各组的皮片成活率。结果分别于伤后0、3、7、14d,对皮肤缺损区施行植皮术,发现不同时机植皮成活率不同,伤后7d对海水浸泡爆炸伤皮肤缺损区植皮,皮片成活率最高。结论海水浸泡爆炸伤延期7d后植皮是对创面实施植皮术的最佳时机。 相似文献
8.
9.
针刺伤在采血工作中经常发生,其危害大,后果严重,一般情况下还没有引起人们足够的重视。我国是肝炎的高流行区,近年来艾滋病在我国的发病率呈倍增的趋势。血液污染的针刺伤是导致血站采血人员发生血源性传染病最主要的职业因素。作者从实际工作出发,收集相关资料,系统的阐述了针刺伤的发生因素及预防措施等,并结合相关理论提出了一系列的措施和建议。 相似文献
10.
Joachim Dissemond Andreas Krber Stephan Grabbe 《Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft》2006,4(8):627-634
In Germany about 0.7 % of the adult population have a chronic leg ulcer. Although chronic venous insufficiency accounts for at least 80 % of all chronic leg ulcers, knowledge of the relevant differential diagnostic considerations is of crucial importance, in particular for patients who are refractory to therapy. In addition to vascular disease, other causes include neuropathic, metabolic, hematologic and exogenous factors as well as neoplasias, infections, drugs, genetic defects and some primary skin disorders. For the long‐term successful treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers, it is necessary to identify all relevant factors, in order to enable a pathogenesis‐oriented, interdisciplinary therapeutic approach. 相似文献