山药粗多糖的提取工艺

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,研究了料液比、提取温度、时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响,极差分析及方差分析结果表明提取温度和料液比是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素,较优的工艺为料液比1 g：9 mL,温度50 ℃,时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数75%,在此工艺条件下,鲜山药粗多糖得率为0.2449%（以鲜山药质量计）.     

激光雾化治疗机的研制

介绍一种新型激光治疗装置.它利用超声波产生的雾化气体通道作为光学传导媒介,将激光束汇同雾化药雾通过患者的深呼吸一起传导至患者的呼吸道及肺部,进行治疗.     

Human placentae membrane receptor for IgG—i. Studies on properties and solubilization of the receptor

Characterization of the human placental membrane receptor for human ¹²⁵I-IgG is described. The receptor bound specifically both monomers and aggregates of human IgG. Human colostral IgA, bovine, sheep, pig, and horse IgG were not bound. No effect of pH in the range 6.6–7.4, ionic strength in the range 0.1–0.5, and temperature between 4 and 45°C on the binding was found. A water-soluble fraction containing the active receptor (glycoprotein fraction-PGP) was obtained from the placental membranes using lithium diiodosalicylate. The solubilized receptor interacted with IgG better at 4°C than at 20°C or 37°C. The results on replacement of monomeric IgG by aggregated IgG, and vice versa, suggest that both monomers and aggregates of human IgG, were bound to the same receptor sites. The apparent association constant for monomeric human IgG was 0.86 ± 0.2 × 10⁷ mole^?1, and 2.0 ± 0.16 × 10¹⁵ IgG molecules were bound per l mg of the membrane protein. Formaldehyde (0.1%), 2-mercaptoethanol (50 mM), and periodate (4 mM) showed no effect on the binding properties of the membrane-bound and on the solubilized receptor, as well. Higher concentrations of periodate (10 mM or 20 mM) decreased the binding of IgG to membranes but showed no effect on the water-soluble receptor. Both the membrane-bound and the solubilized receptor were sensitive to papain. Pronose abolished the receptor activity after prolonged proteolysis only. Neuraminidase did not affect the activity of the receptor. The decrease of the binding activity of the membrane-bound receptor by trypsin and phospholipase C was due to a release of a material containing an active receptor. No effect of trypsin or phospholipase C on the activity of solubilized receptor was observed. The results obtained suggest a protein character of the placental Fc receptor. After electrophoresis of ¹²⁵I-labeled solubilized receptor in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS, 2 major protein peaks with molecular weights of 74,000 and 104,000 and 3 minor peaks with molecular weights of 56,000, 144,000, and 163,000 were found.     

珍珠层水溶性提取物对人骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化的诱导作用

目的:探讨珍珠层水溶性提取物(WSM)对人骨髓基质细胞的诱导作用。方法:原代培养人骨髓基质细胞,条件培养基和WSM分别作用于第3代细胞,对照组不加处理因素。倒置显微镜观察细胞在施加处理因素后的生长状态;采用钙钴法染色检测AKP表达;应用RT-PCR方法检测BMP-2等生长因子表达;应用茜素红染色检测骨髓基质细胞的矿化结节形成情况。结果:施加处理因素第7d,WSM组、条件培养基组的BMP-2表达水平较对照组明显增加;WSM组及条件培养基组TGF-β1表达量较对照组相比未见差异。施加处理因素第7d,WSM组及条件培养基组骨髓基质细胞AKP染色明显,与对照组相比差异显著。每高倍视野阳性细胞数,条件培养基组、WSM明显多于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);加入处理因素18d,条件培养基组可见典型红色钙化结节形成,WSM组也可见到钙结节形成,但没有条件培养基组典型,对照组偶有零星钙化结节形成。结论:WSM可以促进体外培养的人骨髓基质细胞成骨性分化进程,具有一定的骨诱导作用。     

药用霍山石斛原球茎的液体悬浮培养

目的:考察霍山石斛原球茎在液体培养中增殖、水溶性多糖与总生物碱积累的特征。方法:在霍山石斛试管苗茎段原球茎诱导与继代培养的基础上,进行原球茎的液体悬浮培养,分析原球茎生长动态,用比色法测定水溶性多糖与总生物碱的含量。结果:霍山石斛茎段在NAA或NAA与KT组合的MS培养基上可诱导出原球茎,MS基本培养基最适合原球茎继代培养增殖;原球茎在液体悬浮培养中最大比生长速率0.044·d^-1,倍增时间15.8 d,最适生长周期为4周,水溶性多糖和总生物碱含量分别是3.75％和0.0261％。结论:霍山石斛原球茎液体培养生长良好,具有目的化学成分的合成能力,为发酵培养开发霍山石斛资源提供可能。     

炮制对黄芪中糖含量的影响

目的:探讨炮制对黄芪中糖含量的影响。方法:用硫酸-苯酚法测定了黄芪及其炮制品还原性糖、水溶性糖和多糖的含量。结果:酒制黄芪中多糖含量最高,其余炮制品均较生品高。结论:不同炮制方法对黄芪中糖类含量有显著影响,这对阐述黄芪的炮制理论有一定意义。     

正交法优选酒炙川牛膝最佳炮制工艺

目的优选川牛膝的酒炙工艺。方法采用正交设计L9(34),以水溶性成分及杯苋甾酮的含量为考察指标。结果最佳酒炙工艺为饮片加10%的黄酒润透,130℃炒制15min。结论优选得到的工艺是合理的。     

A new self-emulsifying formulation of mefenamic acid with enhanced drug dissolution

To enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble mefenamic acid, self-emulsifying formulation (SEF), composing of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, was formulated. Among the oils and surfactants studied, Imwitor^® 742, Tween^® 60, Cremophore^® EL and Transcutol^® HP were selected as they showed maximal solubility to mefenamic acid. The ternary phase diagram was constructed to find optimal concentration that provided the highest drug loading. The droplet size after dispersion and drug dissolution of selected formulations were investigated. The results showed that the formulation containing Imwitor^® 742, Tween^® 60 and Transcutol^® HP (10:30:60) can encapsulate high amount of mefenamic acid. The dissolution study demonstrated that, in the medium containing surfactant, nearly 100% of mefenamic acid were dissolved from SEF within 5 min while 80% of drugs were dissolved from the commercial product in 45 min. In phosphate buffer (without surfactant), 80% of drug were dissolved from the developed SEF within 5 min while only about 13% of drug were dissolved in 45 min, from the commercial product. The results suggested that the SEF can enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drug and has a potential to enhance drug absorption and improve bioavailability of drug.     

Chain length affects pancreatic lipase activity and the extent and pH–time profile of triglyceride lipolysis

Triglycerides (TG) are one of the most common excipients used in oral lipid-based formulations. The chain length of the TG plays an important role in the oral bioavailability of the co-administered drug. Fatty acid (FA) chain-length specificity of porcine pancreatic lipase was studied by means of an in vitro lipolysis model under bio-relevant conditions at pH 6.80. In order to determine the total extent of lipolysis, back-titration experiments at pH 11.50 were performed. Results suggest that there is a specific chain length range (C2–C8) for which pancreatic lipase shows higher activity. This specificity could result from a combination of physicochemical properties of TGs, 2-monoglycerides (2-MGs) and FAs, namely the droplet size of the TGs, the solubility of 2-MGs within mixed micelles, and the relative stability of the FAs as leaving groups in the hydrolysis reaction. During experimentation, it was evident that an optimisation of lipolysis conditions was needed for tighter control over pH levels so as to better mimic in vivo conditions. 1 M NaOH, 3.5 mL/min maximum dosing rate, and 3 μL/min minimum dosing rate were the optimised set of conditions that allowed better pH control, as well as the differentiation of the lipolysis of different lipid loads.     

Neutrophil activation and arteritis induced by C. albicans water-soluble mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex (CAWS)

We have established a mouse model which shows the symptoms of coronary arteritis after consecutive injections of CAWS, which is released from Candida albicans. In this study, we examined neutrophil activation in the initial period after CAWS injection intraperitoneally. During 10 min to 16 h after the injection, blood profiles and neutrophil functions were determined. At the same time, levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in plasma were measured. Furthermore, level of ICAM-1 as a marker of lesion in arterial endothelial cells was measured. Counts of the peripheral leukocytes increased immediately after CAWS injection, especially involving neutrophil. In vitro sensitivity of neutrophils to stimuli was enhanced. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-12 and IL-6) increased in plasma initially followed by an increase in IL-10, G-CSF, MIP-2 and soluble ICAM-1. Locally, ICAM-1 message in arterial walls was significantly increased 16 h after CAWS injection. A decrease in C3 levels was observed in plasma, suggesting complement activation and consumption. In summary, neutrophil activation occurred after CAWS injection, followed by complement activation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines chemokines and G-CSF which may be involved in development of coronary arteritis.