鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨和评价鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床和影像学特点,以及显微外科技术和手术效果.方法回顾性分析本院1985年至2002年手术治疗的鞍结节脑膜瘤41例,分析其临床和影像学表现的特点.根据CT和MR的表现,将其分为大、中、小3型,采用4种不同的手术入路,比较全切除率、手术结果和并发症发生情况.结果鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床特点是早期出现单侧和双侧视力下降,视野改变不典型.MRI特点为明亮均一的增强,肿瘤中心在鞍上,伴基底硬膜尾征,蝶鞍不扩大.肿瘤的全切除率与肿瘤大小有关,中、小型肿瘤全切除率较高.眶上匙孔入路、翼点入路和眶颧入路显露满意和手术效果好,明显优于单侧额下入路.结论鞍结节脑膜瘤早期出现视力下降,以中、小型肿瘤为主.大多数鞍结节脑膜瘤可以完全及安全地切除,小、中型肿瘤宜采用眶上匙孔入路,中、大型肿瘤宜采用翼点侧裂入路,大型肿瘤宜采用眶颧入路切除肿瘤.     

鞍隔脑膜瘤的分型及手术方法的选择

目的;探讨不同部位鞍隔脑膜瘤（DSM）的分型以及手术方法的选择与治疗结果的关系。方法：CT扫描提示为垂体瘤和鞍结节脑膜瘤并向后发展者,用MRI复查筛选共发现DSM20例,其中9例为A型（居鞍隔上垂体柄前）,5例B型（居鞍隔上垂体柄后）,2例为C型（居鞍隔下蝶鞍内）,4例为混合型（累及鞍隔上下和垂体柄前后）。结果：20例均行手术治疗,17例全切除,3例大部切除,无手术死亡和严重功能障碍。结论：MRI是诊断DSM的最好方法,有助于鉴别诊断、分型和手术方法的选择。鞍隔脑膜瘤的手术较鞍结节脑膜瘤的手术更为困难。     

Aggressive resection of craniopharyngioma achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale using a frontal basal interhemispheric approach: A review of 55 cases

ObjectiveThe frontal basal interhemispheric approach (FBIA) is preferable for resection of craniopharyngioma (CP), achieving desirable total resection rates in early reports of lesions located in the suprasellar region to the third ventricle. For tumours that have created a larger obstruction of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale, aggressive resection in the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus is not feasible compared to improving tumour visualization by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale. In a report of drilling the sellar tuberculum and sphenoid planum, drilling allowed the direct visualization of tumours invading the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus. Reconstructing the opening of the sellar-sphenoid cavity is achieved by microsuturing a piece of the pericranium/dura around the dural edge of the defective dura of the open sphenoid sinus and sellar cavity to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.Patients and methodsThe FBIA with drilling of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale was performed to remove the tumours that invaded the intrasellar region and cavernous sinus in 55 patients from January 2014 to October 2019 at our institution. The pre- and postoperative pituitary hormone levels and vision were evaluated as effective standards after surgery and compared using paired t-tests. The different rates of CSF leakage between the packing and microsuture groups were compared by χ² test, p < 0.05.ResultsIn all patients with a mean 37-month follow-up (range, 3–2 months), 43 (78.2%) patients returned to their normal life or school independently, 7 (12.7%) patients were able to perform normal activities with minor complaints or effort, and 4 (7.3%) patients could care for themselves or only required occasional assistance. One (1.8%) death occurred, attributed to CSF leak-related meningitis at 5 months after surgery. Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in eight (19.0%) of 42 patients with packed bone wax or pieces of muscle to the sphenoid sinus. Of 13 patients with a piece of the periosteum/dura microsutured around the defective dura of the sellar region and open sphenoid sinus, one (7.7%) of 13 patients experienced CSF leakage in the perioperative period. With statistical analysis, there was a potential risk for postoperative CSF leakage in the bone wax and muscle piece in the open sphenoid sinus, whereas microsuture manoeuvres were effective for avoiding the risk of postoperative CSF leakage (χ² = 8.865, p < 0.005). The microsutures closed the open sphenoid sinus such that it was water-tight. Postoperative visual acuity and the visual field were not affected by the increased intrasellar exposure or the open sphenoid sinus achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale.ConclusionTuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale drilling via FBIA is feasible to enhance the direct visualization of CP resection, which expands the intrasellar region with a direct resection of recurrent tumours in the sellar cavity and adhering to the medial wall of the cavernous sinus. The potential risk of a CSF leakage seemed to be mitigated when using water-tight microsutures on a piece of the pericranium/dura around the edge of the defective dura in the sellar region and the open sphenoid sinus cavity.     

Endoscopic Resection of Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas

Objective To evaluate the results of endoscopic transnasal resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) as compared with transcranial approaches.Design We retrospectively analyzed five patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of TSM and performed a comprehensive review of articles published between 2000 and 2012 describing the operative treatment of TSMs.Results Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in four patients (80%). Transient diabetes insipidus occurred in three patients (60%). Preoperative visual field deficit resolved in all patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in one patient. Analysis of published studies included 1,026 transcranial and 144 transnasal cases. GTR was achieved in 85% of transcranial and 72% of transnasal cases. Visual field deficit improved in 65% of transcranial and 82% of transnasal cases. Rate of diabetes insipidus and CSF leak was higher in the transnasal series. Rate of GTR and visual improvement was higher in endoscopic endonasal as compared with microsurgical transnasal series.Conclusion The literature supports transsphenoidal surgery for the resection of TSMs with significant optic nerve compromise and limited lateral extension. This approach may have an equivalent if not superior outcome over transcranial surgery in visual outcome. CSF leaks are still a challenge but may improve with the use of vascularized nasoseptal flaps.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤42例临床分析

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的诊断及治疗.方法对42例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除9例,部分切除5例,其中颅底重建5例.术后55%病人视力改善,大部分病人恢复正常工作.结论对首发症状为视力视野改变特别是伴持续性头痛者,应行CT或MRI检查,争取早期确诊;肿瘤形状及生长方向是影响肿瘤切除的主要因素,应肿瘤的大小及生长方向确定手术入路;细致的显微手术可以避免损伤鞍区的重要结构,对有颅底骨质破坏者需行颅底重建;应对鞍结节脑膜瘤进行细致分型,从而更有利于手术及估计预后.     

鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术切除策略。方法回顾性分析82例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,均采用显微手术切除。经额外侧入路44例,经眶-额外侧入路28例,经眶-颧-额-颞入路7例,经翼点入路3例。术中磨除前床突和视神经管顶及外侧嵴,切除侵入视神经管内的肿瘤27例;磨除鞍结节,经蝶窦切除鞍前壁肿瘤12例。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ、Ⅱ级切除75例(91.5%),SimpsonⅢ级切除7例(8.5%);术后视力改善和稳定151只眼(92.1%),视力恶化13只眼(7.9%)。术后出现不同程度下丘脑症状2例,术后偏瘫1例,无手术死亡病例。结论正确选择手术入路,采用熟练的显微颅底外科技术是获得良好手术效果的保证。额外侧入路能提供良好的手术空间和视野,术后视觉症状改善明显。术中打开视神经管,仔细辨别并保护蛛网膜屏障中的小血管,是保障肿瘤全切除和术后视力恢复的关键。     

鞍结节脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路的选择及显微手术技巧。方法回顾性分析经显微手术和病理证实的鞍结节脑膜瘤35例临床资料。35例分别经额下、翼点、额下-翼点联合入路,采用显微手术方法切除肿瘤。结果SimpsonⅠ级切除8例,Ⅱ级切除24例,Ⅲ级切除3例,无手术死亡。结论显微手术是最佳的治疗方法,选择合适的手术入路能够显著提高肿瘤的全切率和降低并发症。     

影响鞍结节脑膜瘤手术治疗后视力改善的相关因素分析

目的：鞍结节脑膜瘤常会因为压迫视神经导致视力丧失，手术治疗最重要目的是为了改善视力．视力恢复的程度也是衡量手术治疗效果的重要指标。本文重点分析显微外科手术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤影响视力功能改善的相关因素。方法：回顾近10年来手术治疗的51例鞍结节脑膜瘤病例，这些患者均接受经翼点入路或经额下入路手术治疗。其中41例（80．4％）患者就诊时有视力障碍症状，男17例，女24例，平均42．4岁。症状中位持续时间为11个月。单眼视力障碍25例，双眼视力障碍16例，2例只有视野的缩小。通过MRI测量肿瘤的直径为0．6～5．4cm．无和轻度瘤周水肿26例，严重瘤周水肿15例。结果：手术全切率为80．4％。术前有视力障碍的术后30例（73．2％）改善，2例（4．9％）加重，9例（22％）无变化。术后其他并发症包括：尿崩症8例（均为术后一过性，术后1周内缓解）。垂体功能低下2例，癫痫2例，下丘脑功能障碍1例，颅内感染1例。随访6～60个月。结论：标准的显微外科开颅术治疗鞍结节脑膜瘤，暴露充分，肿瘤全切率高且并发症少。分析发现以下因素不利于术后视力功能的改善：患者年龄大于60岁；视神经功能障碍超过1年；视神经功能障碍严重；瘤周水肿明显；肿瘤与脑组织间缺少明确的蛛网膜层面；肿瘤未能全切。     

眶上锁孔入路在鞍结节脑膜瘤手术中的应用

背景与目的：鞍结节脑膜瘤手术是神经外科中有挑战性的难题。本研究探讨眶上匙孔入路在切除小型鞍结节脑膜瘤手术中的应用价值、手术技巧及其适应证。方法：回顾分析瑞金医院神经外科采用眶上匙孔入路治疗的21例鞍结节脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果：21例患者出院时均恢复良好,肿瘤全切除20例（93.3%）,术后视力改善者19例（86.7%）,没有与手术入路相关的严重术后并发症。结论：对于有经验的神经外科医生来说,大多数小于3cm的鞍结节脑膜瘤可以通过眶上匙孔入路切除;尽管开颅骨孔小,但可提供足够的空间进行颅内操作切除肿瘤,并保护脑和其他重要结构;手术全切除率高,并发症少,手术效果良好。