A Reminder of Methylene Blue's Effectiveness in Treating Vasoplegic Syndrome after On-Pump Cardiac Surgery

The inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass decreases vascular tone, which in turn can lead to vasoplegic syndrome. Indeed the hypotension consequent to on-pump cardiac surgery often necessitates vasopressor and intravenous fluid support. Methylene blue counteracts vasoplegic syndrome by inhibiting the formation of nitric oxide.We report the use of methylene blue in a 75-year-old man who developed vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery. After the administration of methylene blue, his hypotension improved to the extent that he could be weaned from vasopressors. The use of methylene blue should be considered in patients who develop hypotension refractory to standard treatment after cardiac surgery.     

亚甲蓝甘油合剂封闭治疗三叉神经痛108例

目的观察亚甲蓝甘油合剂封闭治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效并探讨其治疗机制。方法按国际头面痛学会分类委员会确定的诊断标准,108例原发性三叉神经患者随机分为两组:A组为亚甲蓝甘油合剂组(n=54),B组为单纯甘油合剂组(n=54);采用徐贵印推荐的三维测角穿刺半月神经节进行封闭治疗,对治疗后1周、3个月和2年分别进行疗效评判和随访观察。结果两组治疗后1周、3个月优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两年后优良率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组并发症没有明显差异,2例出现视力下降,3例因解剖变异未能穿刺成功,仅在卵圆孔周围进行了注射,外加眶下孔以及骸孔封闭。结论亚甲蓝甘油合剂用于治疗三叉神经痛远期疗效优于单纯甘油合剂,且亚甲蓝对神经未见明显损害(经2年随访)。     

Load-induced proteoglycan orientation in bone tissuein vivo andin vitro

Summary Previous studies of Alcian blue-induced birefringence in adult avian cortical bone showed that a short period of intermittent loading rapidly produces an increased level of orientation of proteoglycans within the bone tissue. In the absence of further loading, this persists for over 24 hours. We have proposed that this phenomenon could provide a means for “capturing” the effects of transient strains, and so provide a persistent, constantly updated strain-related influence on osteocyte populations related to the bones' averaged recent strain history, in effect, a “strain memory” in bone tissue. In our present study, we use the Alcian blue-induced birefringence technique to demonstrate that proteoglycan orientation also occurs after intermittent loading of both cortical and cancellous mammalian bonein vivo andin vitro. We also show that the change in birefringence is proportional to the magnitude of the applied strain, and that the reorientation occurs rapidly, reaching a maximal value after only 50 loading cycles. Examination of electron micrographs of bone tissue after staining with cupromeronic blue allows direct visualization and quantification of the change in proteoglycan orientation produced by loading. This shows that intermittent loading is associated with a realignment of the proteoglycan protein cores, bringing them some 5 degrees closer to the direction of collagen fibrils in the bone matrix.     

双J管临床应用及美蓝在置管术中的作用

目的探讨双J管(双J输尿管支架管)在泌尿系疾病治疗中的应用效果以及美蓝在置放术中的作用。方法对215例患者采用放置双J管作内支架和内引流治疗,近期48例术中以美蓝协助定位。结果术后留置尿管5~7d,无切口感染、尿瘘等并发症。术后1~3个月拔除双J管,随访3~6个月,肾功能、肾积水明显好转,吻合口通畅。以美蓝协助定位者无双J管上移致拔管困难。结论双J管具有内支架和内引流作用,操作简单,引流效果好,并发症少,缩短住院时间。以美蓝协助定位,值得推广应用。     

The modified Evan's blue dye procedure fails to detect aspiration in the tracheostomized patient: Five case reports

The modified Evan's blue dye procedure (MEBD) is a method of performing tracheal suctioning of the patient through the tracheostomy tube after administration of color-contrasted food and liquid. The MEBD is done when radiographic or fiberoptic procedures are not available or practical. In 5 tracheostomized patients, the MEBD does not detect aspiration.     

Pyramidal cells in primary auditory cortex project to cochlear nucleus in rat

Recent work has demonstrated that the auditory cortex in rat sends direct projections to the auditory nuclei of the brainstem, including the cochlear nucleus and superior olive. To determine the cortical origin of the projections to cochlear nucleus, Fast Blue, a retrograde fluorescent tracer, was injected into the cochlear nucleus. Labeled cells in the forebrain were then studied with light microscopy and mapped. The projection was found to originate from large pyramidal neurons in layer V of primary auditory cortex. The projection was predominantly ipsilateral, and no labeled neurons were found in other cortical areas. These data imply that primary auditory cortex exerts influence over ascending auditory information at the earliest stages of the central auditory system.     

大鼠心内神经节支配肺的研究

15只大鼠分别于左肺门区注入辣根过氧化物酶（HRP，5只）、快蓝（FB，5只），右肺内支气管腔内注入FB（5只），在房壁心内神经节发现示踪剂标记神经细胞。三组标记率分别为1.4％、2.5％及0.9％。标记细胞的出现证实心内神经节部分神经细胞亦是支配呼吸系统肺内、外支气管和肺血管壁、肺泡壁的局部神经细胞；提示心内神经节参与了心肺间功能相互联系及协调的调控。     

人大肠肥大细胞多态性光镜特征(两种新类群:CTMC-1与MMC-1的发现)

人体肥大细胞的多态性已受到广泛关注,对于肥大细胞分型的研究已成为这一问题的关键。本实验研究了42例人大肠4种肥大细胞类群光镜特征,其中两种为作者的新近发现,暂命名为结缔组织肥大细胞-1(CTMC-1)和粘膜肥大细胞-1(MMC-1)。     

亚甲蓝与BCNU抗大鼠C6胶质细胞瘤协同作用的研究

目的:研究亚甲蓝(MB)对大鼠脑胶质瘤C6的增殖抑制及与化疗药物1,3-双(2-氯乙基)-1-亚硝基脲(BCNU)的协同抗肿瘤作用.方法:用MTT比色法测定MB对C6细胞的抑制作用,观察MB和BCNU对Wistar大鼠C6胶质瘤模型的治疗效果.结果:MB对C6细胞的增殖具有明显的浓度依赖性抑制作用;MB、BCNU联合应用与BCNU的单独应用对C6大鼠肿瘤模型的作用有明显差别(P＜0.01).结论:MB对C6细胞的增殖具有抑制作用,与BCNU具有协同的抗胶质细胞瘤作用.     

伊文氏蓝染色对大鼠脑内肿瘤生物学标记方法的研究

目的研究在大鼠脑内肿瘤模型中生物学染色标记脑内肿瘤的方法。方法选择F344大鼠,移植体外培养的RG2胶质瘤细胞制作脑内肿瘤模型,移植18d后经大腿静脉注射伊文氏蓝(Evans blue,EB)染色肿瘤组织,探讨生物学染色对脑内肿瘤的标示作用和手术中对肿瘤和周围正常脑组织鉴别的意义。结果EB浓度在100mg/kg时,肿瘤组织染色成鲜明蓝色,同时大鼠的皮肤和所有器官都被染色成蓝色;当浓度低于10mg/kg时,仅染色肿瘤组织而皮肤和其他器官不被染色;肉眼可鉴别的最低静注浓度为1.25mg/kg。肿瘤组织的染色效果持续到静注后96h。血清中EB浓度在静注后3h内迅速减少,之后呈缓慢代谢过程,静注后24h减少到静注浓度的38%,静注后24h EB在血清和肿瘤组织中的浓度差达到最大值。染色后在手术显微镜下进行肿瘤切除手术操作较未染色对照组明显容易,手术后切片组织学观察肿瘤被完全切除。结论EB生物学染色标记脑内肿瘤效果可靠,手术中作为肿瘤的标示鉴别肿瘤和周围正常脑组织的界限有效。