眶骨延长术治疗眼球突出的实验研究

目的探讨眶骨延长术扩大眶容积治疗眼球突出的可行性。方法1年龄山羊6只,环行截开右侧眶壁,于眶上壁放置延长器,侧向延长1.5cm,经大体、X线、干骨标本及组织学观察成骨情况。结果6只山羊眶骨得到不同程度的侧向延长,延长侧随着眶骨容量的增加,眼球突度较自身对照侧为小。结论眶骨延长术可造成山羊眶骨侧向移位,有可能成为治疗眼球过度突出的方法之一。     

The effect of mechanical deformation on magnetic properties and MRI artifacts of type 304 and type 316L stainless steel

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of composition and deformation of biomedical stainless steels on mechanical properties, magnetic properties, and MRI artifacts. Type 304 and Type 316L samples were prepared using standard wire-drawing techniques. Mechanical properties were determined using standard test methods. The amount of ferromagnetic phase present was estimated using a Severn Gage and x-ray diffraction. Magnetic field attraction and artifacts were determined using previously described techniques. The strength of both steels increased significantly with increasing deformation. None of the type 316L wires transformed to the magnetic phase. The amount of magnetic phase in the type 304 wires increased with increasing deformation. There was no magnetic field attraction, and artifacts were minimal for all of type 316L wires and the undeformed type 304 wire. Deflection and artifacts were significant for the deformed type 304 stainless steel. These results provide guidance regarding the use of type 304 and type 316L stainless steels for bioimplants. In this regard, type 316L stainless steel seems to be a more acceptable material with respect to MR compatibility.     

Occupational chronic exposure to metals

Summary Stainless steel welders (n = 103) were examined. To estimate external exposure, personal air sampling was used. Internal exposure was quantified by the determination of nickel levels in erythrocytes, plasma and urine. Men and women (n = 123) were examined for control purposes. In the plasma and erythrocytes of the controls the nickel concentration was below the level of detection (< 1.81 μg/l). The element concentrations in urine were between < 0.1 and 13.3 μg/l. Of the controls 95% showed nickel levels in urine below 2.2 μg/l (reference value). The average concentration of nickel in the air was 93 ± 81 μg/m³. The average concentration of nickel in the plasma samples was 4.9 ± 4.0 μg/l (95th percentile 12.8 μg/L). In erythrocytes nickel could not be detected. The nickel concentrations in the urine of the welders were 18.5 ± 28.5 μg/l on average (95th percentile 52.5 μg/l). Only a weak correlation between the nickel levels of plasma and urine could be detected (C_urine = 2.07 + 8.45 C_plasma; r = 0.294; p < 0.01). Based on our results and on the reported literature a future limit value for the nickel concentration in urine should lay between 30 and 50 μg/l. This value corresponds to an external exposure of 500 μg nickel per cubic metre.     

应用微波技术切割睑球粘连22例

目的探讨微波热凝切割睑球粘连的治疗效果。方法随机抽取１９９５年１月～１９９７年１２月我科应用微波治疗睑球粘连２２例进行回顾性总结。结果２２例轻、中、重度睑球粘连患者，经１～４次热凝切割，均痊愈。结论微波技术切割睑球粘连操作简便易行，是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

放置不锈钢IUD20年以上妇女的长期安全性研究——临床与病理分析

调查了上海市所属崇明、嘉定二个县及川沙县三个公社的全部放置了不锈钢宫内节育环20年以上妇女635人的临床情况;调查了上述地区年龄相似未放环的妇女724例作为对照。临床症状发生率经年龄与绝经年龄配对后,放环组中赤带的发生率增高4.87%(P<0.05),而月经量增多与不规则出血的发生率增高极少(P>0.05)。放环组取环374例其宫腔括出物中均未见癌,特别注意了内膜的直接压迫与移行区内膜亦未见明显间变。子宫内膜轻度增生过长9例,占2.41%。与放置时间长短无关。其中315例较完整的内膜中,有炎症者32例,占10.15%。其发生率与环的放置时间长短无关。内膜炎中3例为放线菌感染。374例取环困难情况与环的放置时间长短无明显关系,而与绝经年限长短有关,随着绝经年限增长而困难增多。23例宫腔X 线造影发现宫腔随着绝经年限增长而逐渐缩小,环的嵌顿越来越深。     

采用纱球进行口腔护理的效果观察

目的探寻有效的口腔护理方法,取得更好的清洁口腔及洁牙效果。方法随机对53例有口腔护理适应症、意识清醒的患者,用纱球或棉球分别作左或右侧牙齿及口腔粘膜的清洁护理,并按同一标准进行效果评价。结果53例患者,以纱球擦洗侧,效果好的为42例,一般为11例,差为0例。以棉球擦洗侧,效果好为13例,效果一般为40例,差为0例,两组效果比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论以纱球作口腔护理的清洁效果明显优于棉球的清洁效果。     

In vitro corrosion study of porous metal fibre coatings for bone ingrowth

As a first part of a biocompatibility testing programme, in vitro corrosion tests were carried out on porous stainless steel AISI 316L and titanium compacts made of 100 microns thick fibres. The present porous metal structures are used as coatings on permanent orthopaedic implants; with osseous tissue invading the pores, the implant becomes securely anchored to the surrounding bone. The results show that no inadvertent reactions occur with porous titanium. It can probably be used with no greater risk of localized electrochemical attack than the parent bulk material.     

Noise characteristics of stainless-steel surface electrodes

Bioelectric events measured with surface electrodes are subject to noise components which may be significant in comparison with low-level biological signals such as evoked neuroelectric potentials, and myoelectric potentials. In an effort to better understand noise arising from these electrodes, electrode and measurement system noise is modelled. The effect of electrode surface area on electrode impedance and noise is studied using circular stainless-steel electrodes of varying diameters. The main contributions of the work are the development of a model for stainless-steel electrode noise as a function of electrode area, and demonstrating that, for the band-width of interest to evoked neuroelectric and myoelectric signals (8–10 000 Hz), the primary noise components are thermal and amplifier current generated. The magnitudes of both of these depend on the electrode impedance magnitude. Electrode impedance is shown to be a power function of both electrode diameter and frequency, consistent with a capacitive electrode model.     

老年转子间骨折角型钢板治疗失误和并发症分析

目的分析角型钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折中出现的各种失误和并发症,并提出预防措施。方法1990年10月以来共治疗股骨转子间骨折68例,逐例分析治疗失误的原因。结果术中操作失误致股骨外侧皮质崩裂2例;钢板刀口穿破股骨头进入髋臼1例,术后切口感染1例,共8例出现并发症,发生率14．7％。结论角型钢板治疗股骨转子间骨折效果好,但不应忽视可能发生的各种失误和并发症。