生物医学科技论文存在的利益冲突问题及其应对措施

【目的】 探讨生物医学科技论文存在的主要利益冲突(Conflict of Interest, COI)问题及其应对措施。【方法】 通过检索Retraction Watch 数据库,收集2016—2021年生物医学期刊中因COI相关问题被撤销、更正或关注的95篇论文为研究对象。回顾性调查论文及其处理(撤稿、更正或关注)声明的主要特征、存在的COI问题及处理措施。【结果】 本研究纳入的95篇论文中,72篇被撤销,23篇被更正或关注。论文存在的主要COI问题包括COI披露不完整(46.3%)、确实存在COI(18.9%)、对已披露COI的完整性存在质疑(12.6%)、潜在的COI披露不完整(12.6%)、COI披露错误(5.3%)等;具体COI表现为作者与企业(42.1%)、其他研究者(9.7%)、其他作者(7.0%)、研究机构(6.1%),以及期刊编辑或审稿人(5.3%)等之间存在的潜在COI或COI。【结论】 生物医学期刊论文发表过程中存在多种COI问题,并且表现形式多样。建立并完善COI相关编辑政策,可预防COI相关问题的发生,从而减少发表偏倚。     

社科领域期刊作者贡献声明政策的调研与建议

【目的】 对国内外社科领域期刊作者贡献声明(Author Contribution Statement,ACS)政策进行调研,为国内社科领域期刊编辑部制定和完善ACS政策提供借鉴和参考。【方法】 调研国内外社科领域期刊网站上发布的ACS政策,调查内容包括:是否有ACS强制性要求及理由;提交ACS的时间与方式;ACS呈现形式;写作格式;ACS要素术语等。【结果】 在国外的17个社科领域内,都有期刊制定并实施了ACS,而ACS在我国社科期刊中没有得到普及。782种CSSCI收录的社科期刊中只有18种期刊有ACS政策,占比仅2.3%,涉及的领域包括中国文学、考古学、新闻学与传播学和图书馆、情报与文献学。国外期刊采用自由文本和采用CRediT受控词汇的期刊约各占一半。国内社科期刊都是采用自由文本表述形式,没有采用CRediT受控词汇表述方法。国内期刊ACS政策存在ACS表述较为简单、没有规定提交时间与方式、呈现形式不统一、写作格式不统一等问题,可从建立分层ACS政策、鼓励作者提交ACS,采用CRediT贡献分类法为基础规范表达ACS,与ORCID建立关联3个方面进行补充完善。【结论】 我国社科期刊很少制定实施ACS政策。建议社科期刊编辑部采用分层政策来推广实施ACS,采用规范的作者贡献要素术语,提高作者贡献的透明性和可获取性。     

科技论文中通信作者和末位作者重要性的比较

【目的】 试图解决论文作者署名中通信作者与末位作者谁是最重要的作者的问题。【方法】 以Science期刊为研究对象,收集该刊论文的作者署名信息和作者贡献声明信息,提取贡献要素并进行规范化分类,结合作者贡献声明和作者署名位置、署名角色进行比较分析。【结果】 在论文作者署名位置的分布中,末位作者通常同时是通信作者。在论文研究中,通信作者往往比末位作者发挥更重要的作用。对于不是通信作者的末位作者,其对研究的贡献往往较低。【结论】 结合作者贡献声明能够合理地判断作者的重要性。学术界对于作者署名位置应该有更加统一的认识,建议在科技期刊中推行作者贡献声明政策,完善学术期刊作者贡献声明规范。     

人体医疗类干预临床试验研究方案信息与结果的国际注册原则——渥太华声明(第Ⅰ部分)

临床试验的注册在国际临床医学界已经呼吁了多年，其用意在于避免发表偏倚（一种阳性结果临床试验容易获得发表，而阴性的研究结果不容易获得发表的倾向）和选择性报告偏倚。2004年一个由80多名国际临床医学专家、杂志编辑和研究人员共同签署的声明，由6名具有国际知名度的临床试验专家起草、修订和发表了注册临床试验的宣言，即著名的《渥太华声明》。要求任何临床试验的研究方案及随后的试验结果都应当进行注册，并使公众能够获取。该声明已经翻译成英、法、日文；现由国内学者翻译的该声明在本刊发表具有重要意义，将进一步促进临床试验的规范化和质量的提高．并最终接受公众的评价。[编者按]     

心脑宁胶囊治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病临床应用专家共识

本共识建立了成人动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)高危人群规范应用心脑宁胶囊以提升疗效的关键流程,概述了心脑宁胶囊的中医配伍理论、药学和药理研究特性,界定了心脑宁胶囊的精确适用人群、干预时机、病证疗效特点及优选应用方案,归纳了心脑宁胶囊的不良反应、使用禁忌、注意事项及非临床安全性等相关证据。本共识适合ASCVD相关专业领域的执业医师、执业中医医师和执业中西医结合医师使用。     

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group Expert Consensus Statement on Optimal Management of Stage III NSCLC

Stage III NSCLC represents a heterogeneous disease for which optimal treatment continues to pose a clinical challenge. Recent changes in the American Joint Commission on Cancer staging to the eighth edition has led to a shift in TNM stage grouping and redefined the subcategories (IIIA–C) in stage III NSCLC for better prognostication. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy has remained standard-of-care for stage III NSCLC for almost 2 decades, contemporary considerations include the impact of different molecular subsets of NSCLC, and the roles of tyrosine kinase inhibitors post-definitive therapy and of immune checkpoint inhibitors following chemoradiotherapy. With rapid evolution of diagnostic algorithms and expanding treatment options, the need for interdisciplinary input involving multiple specialists (medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists and thoracic surgeons) has become increasingly important. The unique demographics of Asian NSCLC pose further challenges when applying clinical trial data into clinical practice. This includes differences in smoking rates, prevalence of oncogenic driver mutations, and access to health care resources including molecular testing, prompting the need for critical review of existing data and identification of current gaps. In this expert consensus statement by the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group, an interdisciplinary group of experts representing Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Mainland China was convened. Standard clinical practices for stage III NSCLC across different Asian countries were discussed from initial diagnosis and staging through to multi-modality approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.     

An update of the expert consensus statement of the Czech Hypertension Society on renal denervation in resistant hypertension

In the spring of 2012, the Czech Society of Cardiology and Czech Hypertension Society issued a joint expert consensus statement on catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) in the Czech Republic. On the basis of new information from the Symplicity HTN-3, PRAGUE-15 and other studies, there is no reason to introduce RDN into clinical practice. New modalities for RDN, such as radiofrequency ablation, are investigated.     

SFE-AFCE-SFMN 2022 Consensus on the management of thyroid nodules : What is the role of functional imaging and isotopic treatment?

The SFE-AFCE-SFMN 2022 consensus deals with the management of thyroid nodules, a condition that is a frequent reason for consultation in endocrinology. In more than 90% of cases, patients are euthyroid, with benign non-progressive nodules that do not warrant specific treatment. The clinician's objective is to detect malignant thyroid nodules at risk of recurrence and death, toxic nodules responsible for hyperthyroidism or compressive nodules warranting treatment. The diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules requires close collaboration between endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians and surgeons, but also involves other specialists. Therefore, this consensus statement was established jointly by 3 societies: the French Society of Endocrinology (SFE), French Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) and French Society of Nuclear Medicine (SFMN); the various working groups included experts from other specialties (pathologists, radiologists, pediatricians, biologists, etc.). This section deals with the role of thyroid scintigraphy in the diagnosis of autonomous thyroid nodules, nuclear medicine in nodules with indeterminate cytology and iodine treatment for autonomous thyroid nodules.