Replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts affects structural and functional aspects of the Golgi apparatus

It is well recognized that the world population is ageing rapidly. Therefore, it is important to understand ageing processes at the cellular and molecular levels to predict the onset of age‐related diseases and prevent them. Recent research has focused on the identification of ageing biomarkers, including those associated with the properties of the Golgi apparatus. In this context, Golgi‐mediated glycosylation of proteins has been well characterized. Additionally, other studies show that the secretion of many compounds, including pro‐inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix–degrading enzymes, is modified during ageing, resulting in physical and functional skin degradation. Since the Golgi apparatus is a central organelle of the secretory pathway, we investigated its structural organization in senescent primary human dermal fibroblasts using confocal and electron microscopy. In addition, we monitored the expression of Golgi‐related genes in the same cells. Our data showed a marked alteration in the Golgi morphology during replicative senescence. In contrast to its small and compact structure in non‐senescent cells, the Golgi apparatus exhibited a large and expanded morphology in senescent fibroblasts. Our data also demonstrated that the expression of many genes related to Golgi structural integrity and function was significantly modified in senescent cells, suggesting a relationship between Golgi apparatus function and ageing.     

VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效观察及对患儿生活质量的影响

目的:探讨负压创面治疗技术(Vacuum assisted closure,VAC)结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效及对患儿生活质量的影响。方法:选取2015年2月-2019年2月笔者医院收治的60例大面积皮肤缺损患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为干预组和对照组,每组30例。对照组采用游离植皮术治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上结合VAC治疗,以皮片成活时间、皮片成活率、换药次数及住院天数评估疗效,以长海痛尺分级法评估患儿疼痛等级,以抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评估患儿心理状态,以术后不良反应发生率评估患儿预后情况,以自制生活质量表评估患儿生活质量水平。结果:干预组患儿皮片成活时间、换药次数与住院天数均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿皮片成活率为93.33%高于对照组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组治疗后疼痛感、SDS与SAS评分低于治疗前,且低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患儿术后不良反应发生率为6.67%显著低于对照组23.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均低于治疗后,干预组治疗后活动能力、心理健康及社交能力均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:VAC结合游离植皮治疗儿童大面积皮肤缺损疗效显著,能有效降低患儿生理疼痛与心理焦虑,减少伤口感染等不良反应的发生,提高患儿生活质量,具有推广价值。     

Cutaneous nociception: Role of keratinocytes

Recent years have brought an enhanced understanding of keratinocyte contribution to cutaneous nociception. While intra‐epidermal nerve endings were classically considered as the exclusive transducers of cutaneous noxious stimuli, it has now been demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes can initiate nociceptive responses, like Merkel cells do for the innocuous mechanotransduction. In the light of recent in vivo findings, this article outlines this paradigm shift that points to a not yet considered population of sensory epidermal cells.     

死亡结构域相关蛋白及其在宫颈病变中的研究进展

宫颈癌对妇女健康构成严重威胁,人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变及宫颈癌的发生密切相关。关于宫颈癌发生发展的机制仍在研究中。近年研究发现一种多功能核蛋白,即死亡结构域相关蛋白(death domain associated protein,Daxx),其与细胞内蛋白或病毒蛋白相互作用,参与调节细胞凋亡、转录调控、抗病毒等细胞活动,在不同途径中发挥不同的生理或病理作用。通过对Daxx功能及其作用机制的研究有助于进一步阐明宫颈癌发生发展的机制,有助于发现新的预防和治疗方法。综述Daxx的一般特性和研究现况及其在宫颈病变的研究进展。     

Cardiovascular risk assessment tools: A scoping review

ObjectivesThe objective of this review was to describe cardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment methods and to identify evidence-based practice recommendations when dealing with population at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.Review methods and data sourcesA literature review following the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology was conducted. By using appropriate key terms, literature searches were conducted in PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, ENFISPO, Medigraphic, ScienceDirect, Cuiden, and Lilacs databases. A complementary search on websites related to the area of interest was conducted. Articles published in English or Spanish in peer-review journals between 2010 and 2017. Critical appraisal for methodological quality was conducted. Data was extracted using ad-hoc tables and qualitatively synthesized.ResultsAfter eliminating duplicates, 55 325 records remained, and 1432 records were selected for screening. Out of these, 88 full-text articles were selected for eligibility criteria, and finally, 67 studies were selected for this review, and 25 studies were selected for evidence synthesis. In total, 23 CVR assessment tools have been identified, pioneered by the Framingham study. Qualitative findings were grouped into four thematic areas: assessment tools and scores, CVR indicators, comparative models, and evidence-based recommendations.ConclusionsIt is necessary to adapt the instruments to the epidemiological reality of the population. The most appropriate way to estimate CVR is to choose the assessment tool that best suits individual conditions, accompanied by a comprehensive assessment of the patient. More research is required to determine a single, adequate, and reliable tool.     

新生儿医用粘胶相关皮肤损伤危险因素分析及其护理对策

目的探讨新生儿医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤(MARSI)危险因素和护理对策。方法选取2016年4月至2018年5月在本院接受治疗的新生儿483例为研究对象,统计其发生MARSI例数和损伤类型,依据是否发生MARSI将患儿分成MARSI组61例和未发生MARSI组422例,记录患儿温箱、胎龄、抢救台、出生体质量、潮湿多汗、蓝光治疗、感染、留置胃管、禁食、经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)、水肿及皮肤干燥情况,对影响患儿发生MARSI的因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果患儿皮肤受损类型依次为表皮剥脱伤(6.21%)、皮肤撕裂伤(3.73%)、接触性皮炎1.45%。蓝光治疗、留置胃管、出生体质量<2200 g、胎龄<30周及皮肤干燥为患儿发生MARSI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床新生儿MARSI发生率较高,且影响因素多,医护人员应采用有针对性护理措施,加强防范,以降低新生儿MARSI的发生率。     

空间频域成像在皮肤病定量评估中的研究

利用空间频域成像技术搭建的成像系统检测多种皮肤病组织的光学参数和生理参数信息，并对比分析讨论不同类型的皮肤病与光学参数、生理参数之间的关系。实验结果表明，病变皮肤组织与正常皮肤组织之间在光学参数、生理参数上存在较大差异，这将为临床医生对皮肤病诊治提供一种新颖、可靠、科学的评估方法。     

2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Taiwan: Reports of two cases from Wuhan,China

We reported two cases with community-acquired pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who returned from Wuhan, China in January, 2020. The reported cases highlight non-specific clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as well as the importance of rapid laboratory-based diagnosis.     

眼睑分裂痣的手术整形研究

目的：探究眼睑分裂痣的不同手术方法和治疗效果。方法随机选取该院在2014年1月—2015年12月收治的60例需要进行眼睑分裂痣手术治疗的患者作为观察对象,将其按照抽签法随机分为A组(n=20)、B组(n=20)和C组(n=20),A组患者采用全厚皮片移植术；B组患者采用转移或推进皮瓣术；C组患者采用皮片移植+皮瓣转移术。首先对3组患者的治疗效果进行观察,然后比较3组患者在治疗后的不良反应发生情况,对比不良反应的发生率。结果3组患者的治疗效果均较好,所有患者的上伤口在1期即全部愈合,未出现明显的睑缘切痕；A组患者中,出现不良反应的患者有1例,占5.0%。B组中,无患者出现不良反应,不良反应发生率为0.0%。C组中,出现不良反应的患者有1例,占5.0%。3组患者之间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论治疗眼睑分裂痣的方法较多,全厚皮片移植术、转移或推进皮瓣术以及皮片移植+皮瓣转移术均有较好的效果,患者无明显的不良反应,并且痊愈的效果较好,手术的操作也较为简便易行,具有较高的安全性和可行性,值得临床推广。