开胸术后复张性肺水肿的探讨

目的：探讨开胸手术中单侧肺萎陷,术后肺复张导致急性肺水肿的发病机理、诊断治疗及预防。方法：对5例开胸术后复张性肺水肿患者进行总结,3例为胸腔镜辅助下胸膜固定术后,2周为食管癌根治术后,结果：常规单侧肺萎陷的开胸手术均可能发生轻重不一的复张性肺水肿。结论：可通过术中定期（以间隔30min为宜）肺复张以及术后渐进性肺复张等措施来减低复张性肺水肿的发生率。     

城市电网电缆线路中间接头故障解体常见原因分析

本文阐述了10kV电缆接头的作用、原理和种类,并且结合10kV电缆的OWTS震荡波局放定位技术检测。对发现的局放超标电缆接头进行了解体分析,找出了10kV电缆接头的常见故障,并提出了应对措施。     

Conductive Layers on a Shrinkable PET Film by Flexographic Printing

In this study, the extremely important and difficult topic of flexographic printing on a heat-shrinkable substrate was taken up. Six commercially available, electrically conductive inks based on silver, copper and graphite nanoparticles were selected and tested upon their applicability for printing on the temperature-sensitive PET material. As a printing substrate, the one-direction heat-shrinkable PET film, with a maximum shrinkage of 78%, was selected. All of the examined inks were subjected to the printing process throughout three different anilox line screens. The tested inks, along with the electric paths printed with them, were subjected to various tests. The main parameters were evaluated, such as printability combined with the rheology tests and ink adhesion to the examined PET substrate together with the electrical conductivity before and after the shrinkage.     

连续硬膜外阻滞用于无痛分娩的临床观察

我院自2005年10月至2006年5月采用连续硬膜外阻滞无痛分娩取得了满意的效果,报道如下。1资料与方法选30例自然分娩足月初产妇,ASA评分为I级,随机分为对照组和无痛分娩组各15例。当产妇有规律宫缩时,选L3~L4作为穿刺点,向上置管3cm~4cm,注入0.25%布比卡因3ml后,证实在硬膜外间隙     

＂拉玛泽＂（Lamaze）呼吸减痛法的应用效果

目的：探讨＂拉玛泽＂（Lamaze）呼吸减痛法在分娩中对产妇的影响.方法：选择足月妊娠,可行阴道分娩的初产妇200例,随机分为干预组、对照组各100例,干预组从7个月开始接受＂拉玛泽＂呼吸减痛法训练,对照组只接受常规的宣教,观察两组产妇产程时间、剖宫产、产后出血情况.结果：两组比较,精神紧张、恐惧症状的发生,产程时间,剖宫产率、产后出血率等均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）.结论：＂拉玛泽＂呼吸减痛法能有效地减轻分娩疼痛,消除恐惧心理,加速产程,减少产后出血,降低剖宫产率,是一种简单有效、可行的非药物性减痛的方法.     

Measurement of shrinkage ability of the stratum corneum under dehydration conditions*

Background/aims: Pliability and elasticity of stratum corneum (SC) depends on hydration. The aim of the present study was to introduce a new method for the measurement of the ability of the stratum corneum to shrink following dehydration and rehydration. Methods: The experimental bulla roof of 6 normal volunteers, 3 men and 3 women (40-60 years old) and 2 patients suffering from x-linked ichthyosis were examined. The experimental bulla was made on the flexure surface of the left forearm after exposure to NH₄OH vapors for 15 min. The measurements were performed by the Cutech In Vivo Extensometer (Stiefel). The instrument arms were retained constant and each force applied upon them was able to recorded by graph, and that force was measured quantitatively. The bulla roof was stuck on the instrument arms, in situ. Results: In the laboratory environment, the adherent SC on the instrument arms was dehydrated and as a result, a shrinkage force appeared which reached a maximum (mean value=21.6 g; force per 0.6 cm² of SC) at 18-25 minutes. Artificial SC hydration (2 drops of water for 10 s, separately on each SC surface) showed as a result immediate disappearance of the shrinkage force which was followed by a gradual reappearance of the shrinkage force level at 8-16 min. This phenomenon had a high reproducibility. Similar phenomena were observed in the SC of the x-linked ichthyosis patients. Conclusions: We considered that the shrinkage ability of the SC can be used as a marker to study SC hydration; it is also responsible for some clinical problems (chapping during winter, cracking in asteatosis, etc.) and plays an important role in desquamation of a single corneocyte or scale. Our experimental model can be used to evaluate substances or emolients’action on SC hydration.     

脊柱骨折的X线及CT影像应用价值探讨

目的：观察术前静点葡萄糖酸钙配伍卡孕栓含服及静点小剂量缩宫素配伍卡孕栓纳肛防治未临产剖宫产产后出血效果.方法：选择155例未临产行子宫下段剖宫产术者分为3组,实验组Ⅰ术前20min静点10%葡萄糖酸钙10ml,胎儿娩出后舌下含服卡孕栓1mg、实验组Ⅱ术前1h静点小剂量缩宫素术后直肠放置卡孕栓1mg、对照组胎儿娩出后宫体注射10U缩宫素和静脉持续滴注缩宫素20U,观察三组术中、术后出血量的差异.结果：术中、术后2h、24h出血量实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：术前静点葡萄糖酸钙、小剂量缩宫素术中、术后联合卡前列甲酯栓用于未临产剖宫产可有效预防产后出血,且用药方法方便、疗效可靠、安全、副作用小.     

启发式牙颌CT影像自动分割

准确快速地分割CT切片特征轮廓是医学图像三维重建的重要环节。现有的轮廓分割方法必须通过手动层层交互操作,不仅耗时而且分割精度不高。针对这种局限性,提出一种基于启发式牙颌CT影像自动分割方法。首先用拉普拉斯算子对CT图像序列进行边缘增强,其次用轮廓匹配映射技术实现轮廓启发式传递,最后基于收缩包围算法自动分割牙颌序列。以14例完整牙（每例28～32颗牙数据样本）锥束CT断层扫描图像序列进行实验,在相同条件下分别用所提出的轮廓自动提取方法和其他提取方法,对实验样本进行轮廓提取,得到单颗牙轮廓提取的平均用时和提取轮廓与真实轮廓之间的距离差平均值。实验结果显示,轮廓自动分割算法提取单颗牙轮廓的用时约为其他手工分割法提取单颗牙轮廓用时的23%,同时提取的轮廓质量和用传统方法提取的轮廓质量相当。该方法为CT数据特征区自动化分割提供一种可行且高效的方法,为进一步改进现有的CT影像分割和三维重建算法提供了新的思路。     

微囊防潮效果影响因素及其机制探讨

目的：考察喷雾干燥工艺对乌药鞣质微囊防潮效果的影响,并研究了造成影响的机制。方法：喷雾干燥制成的乌药鞣质微囊置于一定温湿环境中12 h,绘制吸湿曲线以研究进风温度、供液速度、雾化气流速与微囊防潮效果间的规律；并从微囊溶剂残留量、成膜过程膜收缩行为和微囊粒径3个方面研究造成这些规律的机制。结果：微囊防潮效果随着进风温度的提高、供液速度的降低、雾化气流速的降低而增强；反之则减弱。造成这种影响是由于微囊中溶剂残留量、囊壁致密程度以及微囊粒径不同而造成的。结论：喷雾干燥制备微囊不同工艺参数制得的微囊的物理状态不同,其防潮效果也不同。     

周易象数切脉疗法对功能性消化不良患者血浆胃动素的影响

目的：探讨产程延长的处理方法及效果。方法：选取2009年6月至2010年6月我院收治的70例的产程延长的产妇为研究对象,总结该组产妇出现产程延长的原因和采取的处理措施,分析该组很产妇的母婴结局。结果：该组产妇出现的产程延长的主要原因有：继发性宫缩乏力、轻度头盆不称、胎膜早破等。采取的措施主要有：会阴侧切、胎头吸引、臀位分娩等。该组孕妇的剖宫产率为8．6％（6／70）,主要并发症为产后出血率为8．6％（6／70）、胎儿宫内窘迫14．3％（10／70）、新生儿窒息10．0%（7／70）。结论：正确处理产程延长有利于降低围生儿病残率,预防并发症,保证母婴健康。