A presenilin 1 mutation (L420R) in a family with early onset Alzheimer disease,seizures and cotton wool plaques,but not spastic paraparesis

Over 100 mutations in the presenilin‐1 gene (PSEN1) have been shown to result in familial early onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD), but only a relatively few give rise to plaques with an appearance like cotton wool (CWP) and/or spastic paraparesis (SP). A family with EOAD, seizures and CWP was investigated by neuropathological study and DNA sequencing of the PSEN1 gene. Aβ was identified in leptomeningeal vessels and in cerebral plaques. A single point mutation, p.L420R (g.1508T > G) that gives rise to a missense mutation in the eighth transmembrane (TM8) domain of PS1 was identified in two affected members of the family. p.L420R (g.1508T > G) is the mutation responsible for EOAD, seizures and CWP without SP in this family.     

老年及老年前期重症肌无力的手术治疗(附23例报告)

目的总结胸腺切除术治疗老年及老年前期重症肌无力的临床效果。方法对1981年～2001年在我院行胸腺切除治疗的23例老年及老年前期重症肌无力患者的手术疗效进行回顾分析。结果在所有重症肌无力患者中老年及老年前期患者所占比例小,男性为多见;全身型为主,合并胸腺瘤及危象者多;手术总有效率43.5％。结论老年及老年前期重症肌无力的手术疗效较青壮年为差,但仍是可选择的一种重要方法。     

老年重症急性胰腺炎手术治疗探讨

目的：讨论老年重症急性胰腺炎的手术治疗。方法：我院1984年1月－2000年10月共收治60岁以上手术证实的重症急性胰腺炎26例，本对其手术治疗的方法和时机以及相应的并发症和死亡率进行回顾性分析。结果：本组术后死亡6例，其中4例死于MOF，2例死于ARDS。在发病24小时内手术8例中无1例死亡，24－36小时内手术14例有2例死亡，36小时后手术4例均死亡。结论：老年重症胰腺炎患多伴有心、肺、肾等重要器官慢性疾病，脏器代偿功能差，较易出现MOF，因此如有手术指证或经短期非手术治疗效果不明显，应及时手术，并在术中和术后采用合理的治疗措施，有利于减少术后并发症，降低手术死亡率。     

老年急重症胆管炎临床分析

目的：探讨重症胆管(ACST)患者的临床特点及死亡原因。方法：分析我院近十五年来收治46例ACST的治疗情况。结果：手术41例．非手术5例，死亡9例，其中手术治疗死亡6例。结论：老年ACST患者，伴发病多，死亡率高，及时就诊，早期应用大量激素，选择适宜手术方法是降低死亡率的关键。     

失眠症患者心理防御机制与社会支持的相关研究

目的　探讨失眠症患者心理防御特征和社会支持 ,并分析两者的关系。方法　采用心理防御方式问卷 (DSQ )、社会支持评定量表 (SSRS)对失眠症患者和正常健康者各 5 0例进行评定。结果　患者组心理防御方式 (不成熟型、中间型防御因子和掩饰因子的因子分高 ,成熟防御因子分低 )和社会支持 (社会支持总分、主观支持分、对支持利用度低 )与对照组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1) ;相关分析发现 ,患者组不成熟防御机制与SSRS的支持总分、主观支持分、对支持利用度呈负相关 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,中间型防御机制与SSRS的主观支持呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　失眠症患者心理防御机制的成熟程度较正常人低 ,社会支持差 ,两者存在一定的关系。     

Differential modification of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer''s disease: an autoradiographic study

We have used quantitative light microscopic autoradiographic techniques to analyze changes in muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus in Alzheimer type dementia (ATD). The density and distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors has been correlated with the density of neurons, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus of control and ATD patients. The number of pyramidal cells per mm² in the CA1 sector was significantly decreased in ATD cases as compared to controls, although there were large variations among cases. The most marked reductions in cell counts were observed in patients with a history of profound dementia. The densities of muscarinic receptors, as well as the proportions of M₁ and M₂ subtypes, in the CA1 sector and dentate gyrus were not significantly different between ATD and old non-demented patients. Neuritic plaques, even in high numbers, did not affect the density of muscarinic receptors; moreover, the densities of receptors over the neuritic plaques did not differ from the surrounding neuropil. However, in some ATD cases there was a marked decrease in the concentration of these receptors in the CA1 sector and subiculum, with no change in the proportions of muscarinic receptor subtypes. These patients exhibited frequent extracellular remnants of neurofibrillary tangles (ghost tangles), but scarce neuritic plaques, and were those showing severe losses of pyramidal cells. There was a significant positive correlation between the total concentration of muscarinic receptors in the CA1 and the density of pyramidal cells, suggesting that decreases in receptor concentration result from a severe neuronal loss. We observed that the ratio of muscarinic receptors per pyramidal cell was significantly increased in ATD patients. This might indicate a possible upregulatory mechanism for muscarinic receptors in the population of remaining neurons in ATD. However, decreases of receptor numbers following severe neuronal fall out suggest that compensatory mechanisms are no longer possible in such cases. The question is raised whether these differences between cases reflect different diseases or different stages of the same disease.     

老年精神分裂症合并肺炎临床分析

目的：通过对精神分裂症合并肺炎患者和老年肺炎患者进行对照观察分析，探索老年精神分裂症合并肺炎的临床特点，为临床诊治提供资料。方法：对35例CCMD-2-R精神分裂症合并肺部感染的患者及35例同期老年肺炎患者对照分析。结果：发现老年精神分裂症合并肺炎患者与老年肺炎患者在神经精神症状和消化系统症状方面差异有显著性。结论：对老年精神分裂症合并肺炎患者更要细致观察，精心护理，早发现、早诊断、早治疗，以降低其死亡率。     

老年牙周组织疾病216例证候分析

目的 探讨老年牙周组织疾病的证候特点。方法 对 1998 年 1 月-2003 年 12 月门诊接诊的 216 例老年牙周组织疾病进行回顾性分析。结果 阴虚火旺型 124 例(57.4%),气血不足型 51 例(23.6%),胃火炽盛型 16 例(7.5%),气滞血瘀型 14 例(6.4%),痰湿阻络型 11 例(5.1%)。结论 老年牙周组织疾病证候表现以虚为主、虚中夹实,阴虚火旺型和气血不足型是其主要证候类型。     

老年人慢性腰腿痛病因分析及临床治疗

目的探讨老年慢性腰腿痛的常见病因及其治疗。方法选择1997年1月至2000年12月间162例老年慢性腰腿痛患者，椎间盘突出92例（其中合并腰椎管狭窄者63例），单纯腰椎管狭窄10例，腰椎峡部裂或滑脱者37例，骨质疏松者23例。结果47例患者经保守治疗后出院，但其中18例症状复发。115例患者行手术治疗，其中椎板间扩大开窗或半椎板切除髓核摘除75例，全椎板切除髓核摘除9例，单纯峡部植骨术8例，脊柱内固定者23例。97例手术患者获得随访，平均18个月，症状消失或明显缓解者65例，残留部分症状者29例，无改善者3例。结论脊柱退行性变是导致老年人慢性腰腿痛的主要原因，以腰椎间盘突出和椎管狭窄为主，治疗上先予保守治疗，效果差时可积极手术治疗。     

Heart Transplantation in a 68-Year-Old Patient with Senile Systemic Amyloidosis

Senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) results from deposition, predominantly in the heart, of amyloid fibrils derived from wild-type transthyretin (T TR) molecules. Cardiac autopsies indicate that SSA progressively increases in subjects 80 years of age and older. However, only a few cases of patients with SSA and cardiac failure have been recognized by cardiac biopsies during life. Here, we report a case of heart transplantation in a 68-year-old male patient with SSA. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation in October 1998, he underwent complete evaluation. Myocardial biopsies revealed the presence of amyloid deposition. Immunohistochemical staining of the amyloid indicated T TR. Genomic DNA analysis of the T TR exons did not result in any identification of a mutation. In 2001, heart transplantation was performed because progressive heart failure occurred. At the 1-year follow-up, no amyloid deposits were found in the donor heart. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient's physical and mental health was excellent. We conclude that heart transplantation can be an effective treatment in progressive heart failure due to SSA.