喷他佐辛对颅脑外科手术患者的麻醉效果及导尿管相关膀胱刺激征的影响

目的 探讨喷他佐辛对颅脑外科手术患者的麻醉效果及对导尿管相关膀胱刺激征(CRBD)的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年12月在贵州省黔东南州人民医院行颅脑外科手术的患者120例。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。所有患者行全身麻醉,观察组术毕给予喷他佐辛,对照组给予等量生理盐水。观察两组患者拔管前(T₁)、拔管即刻(T₂)、拔管后5 min(T₃)、拔管后10 min(T₄)的平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)和氧饱和度(SpO₂),分析两组苏醒期Ramsay评分、躁动评分、CRBD的变化。结果 观察组与对照组T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄时的MAP、SBP、DBP、HR和SpO₂比较,结果：(1)不同时间点MAP、SBP、DBP、HR和SpO₂比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05...     

三甲氧桂皮酰胺类化合物的抗惊和镇静作用

观察了三个三甲氧桂皮酰胺类化合物:3,4,5-三甲氧桂皮酰异丙胺(8701)、3,4,5-三甲氧桂皮酰环戊胺(8702)和3,4,5-三甲氧桂皮酰另丁胺(8703)的抗惊和镇静作用,发现8701具有明显的影响。它能有效的对抗最大电休克发作、戊四唑和印防己毒素所引起的惊厥,但对士的宁惊厥无效。8702和8703对上述实验性癫痫均无明显影响。8701抗戊四唑惊厥作用的机制可能与其对中枢神经递质NE和5-HT的影啊有关。     

麻醉深度监护仪对老年腹部手术全麻质量的影响

目的:研究Narcotrend(NT)麻醉深度监护仪对老年腹部手术患者全麻质量的影响。方法:选取医院收治的150例择期行腹部手术老年患者,按照抽签方式将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组75例。两组手术均采取全身麻醉,对照组凭借临床经验及患者身体指征对麻醉药用量进行调整,观察组在NT麻醉深度监护仪指导下调整麻醉用量,比较两组围手术期麻醉时间、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间、重症监护病房停留时间及麻醉药使用情况;比较两组患者麻醉前(T₀)、麻醉30 min后(T₁)及手术结束时(T₂)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和NT麻醉监护仪麻醉深度指数(NTI);比较两组手术后Ricker镇静-躁动(SAS)评分、Ramsay镇静(RSS)评分、简易智能量表(MMSE)评分及疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分;比较两组患者术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组术后苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.806,t=2.476;P<0.05);麻醉药依托咪酯和舒芬太尼的使用量显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.349,t=2.158;P<0.05);两组HR、MAP的组内比较T₁>T₂>T₀,NTI的组内比较T₀>T₂>T₁,差异有统计学意义(F=205.467,F=36.545,F=111.677,F=156.932,F=57.659,F=869.035;P<0.05);观察组NTI在T₁、T₂时组间比较显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=14.265,t=9.347;P<0.05);两组术后SAS评分、RSS评分、VAS评分及PSQI评分差异均无统计学意义,观察组MMSE评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.992,P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率为10.67%,显著低于对照组(25.33%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x²=5.465;P<0.05)。结论:NT麻醉深度监护仪指导下调整麻醉药用量可减少老年患者术后苏醒时间,加快患者定向力恢复,且能减少术后并发症发生,有较高的临床应用价值。     

咪达唑仑导致神经功能损伤及作用机制研究

目的：探讨镇静药咪达唑仑导致神经功能损伤及其机制。方法：将72 只大鼠分为生理盐水对照组、咪达唑仑组、右美托咪定组三个组别，每组各24 只，比较三组大鼠的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase，NSE）、中枢神经特异性蛋白（central nervous specific protein，S100β）、细胞死亡受体Fas 水平、逃逸潜伏期、游泳速度、穿过原平台次数，对NSE、S100β、Fas 病理切片进行分析。结果：与对照组和右美托咪定组相比，咪达唑仑组 NSE、S100β、Fas 水平较高，逃逸潜伏期较长，穿过原平台次较少（P<0.05）。结论：咪达唑仑对神经功能损伤以及学习记忆功能影响较大。     

庄国康教授运用重潜搜风法治疗顽固性皮肤瘙痒的经验

瘙痒是皮肤科最常见症状,而顽固性瘙痒因其瘙痒剧烈、夜不能寐、持续时间长,常规中西医治疗无效,更是临床治疗的难点。庄国康教授在50余年的临床皮肤病诊疗过程中,积累了丰富而又宝贵的临床经验,认为痒必挟风,而顽固性瘙痒多伴情志失调,肝失疏泄,心神浮越,风火相煽,常规祛风之法疗效不显,故治疗多从心肝入手,运用重潜搜风法,选择金石和介壳类药物生龙骨、生牡蛎、石决明、珍珠母、灵磁石等为主确立核心处方,并根据皮疹颜色、形态以及患者整体辨证灵活配伍,取得了满意疗效。     

Drug Burden Index associated with function in community-dwelling older people in Finland: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications, measured with the Drug Burden Index (DBI), and functional outcomes in community-dwelling older people living in Finland.

Methods. The study population consisted of community-dwelling older people (n = 700) enrolled in the Geriatric Multidisciplinary Strategy for the Good Care of the Elderly (GeMS) study. Outcomes included walking speed, chair stands test, grip strength, timed up and go (TUG) test, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and Barthel Index.

Results. Exposure to DBI drugs was identified in 37% of participants: 24% had a DBI range between >0 <1, and 13% DBI ≥1. After adjusting for confounders, exposure to DBI drugs was associated with slower walking speed (P < 0.0001), poorer performance on chair stands (P = 0.0001) and TUG (P < 0.0001), difficulties in IADL (P < 0.0001), and Barthel Index (P < 0.0001). The mean adjusted walking speed, time to complete chair stands and TUG, IADL, and Barthel scores were significantly poorer among participants with higher DBI ranges.

Conclusion. In older adults living in Finland, DBI was associated with impaired function on previously tested and new outcomes. This finding supports the use of the DBI as tool, in combination with other assessments, to identify older people at risk of functional impairment. The findings highlight the need for revision of current guidelines to improve the quality of drug use in older people.     

替代对照品法在镇静安神类药物HPLC快速检验方法中的应用

目的 采用替代对照品法建立镇静安神类药物氯氮卓、马来酸咪达唑仑、硝西泮、艾司唑仑、奥沙西泮、劳拉西泮和阿普唑仑的高效液相色谱快速检验方法。方法 采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相：0.01 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 2.5)-(甲醇-乙腈1∶1)(57∶43),流速：1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温：30 ℃。采用相对容量因子和紫外光谱相似度双指标进行定性;采用相对校正因子法进行定量分析。结果 在确定的色谱条件下,氯氮?、咪达唑仑、硝西泮、艾司唑仑、奥沙西泮、劳拉西泮和阿普唑仑完全分离;采用紫外光谱相似度和相对容量因子进行定性,结果准确可靠;采用替代对照品法,计算药物的相对校正因子进行含量测定,能有效减少对照品的使用,加快高效液相色谱分析速度。结论 该方法快速、简便、可靠,适用于快速检验镇静安神类药物。     

Sedative and Anxiolytic Effects of the Extracts of the Leaves of Stachytarpheta Cayennensis in Mice

The leaves are used ethnomedicinally in Nigeria and other parts of the world for insomnia and anxiety among other uses. The investigations sought scientific evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of the leaves for the management of insomnia and anxiety as well as the neural mechanisms for the activities. The sedative and anxiolytic effects of the extracts of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis were examined in this study. The methanolic extract (5–50 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as the ethylacetate (10–50 mg/kg, i.p.), butanol and aqueous fractions (5–50 mg/kg, i.p.) of the extract were examined. Sedation was assessed as reduced novelty-induced rearing (NIR), reduced spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and increased pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time (PIST) in mice. The anti-anxiety effect (methanol 2.5–5.0; butanol 5.0; aqueous 20.0; ethylacetate 25.0 mg/kg, i.p.) was assessed using an elevated plus maze. LD₅₀ was calculated for the extract and the fractions after the intraperitoneal route of administration using the Locke method. The methanolic extract, the butanol and the aqueous fractions inhibited rearing and spontaneous locomotion but prolonged pentobarbitone induced sleep. The ethylacetate fraction however increased both rearing and locomotion and decreased pentobarbitone sleeping time. The butanol and aqueous fractions, but not the methanol extract showed indices of open arm avoidance consistent with anti-anxiety effect. Naltrexone (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the inhibition of rearing, locomotion and prolongation of pentobarbitone sleep due to the aqueous fraction of the extract. Flumazenil (2mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the effects of both methanolic extract and the butanol fraction on rearing, locomotion, pentobarbitone sleep and anxiety model. The methanolic extract, the butanol and aqueous fractions possess sedative activity while the ethylacetate fraction possesses stimulant property. The anxiolytic effect was found in both the aqueous fraction and the butanol fraction but not in the main methanol extract and also not in the ethylacetate fraction. Flumazenil, blocked the effect of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis on rearing, locomotion and elevated plus maze suggesting that GABA receptors are involved in the observed sedative and anxiolytic activities. This study also found opioid receptors involved in the sedative activity of the leaves of Stachytarpheta cayennensis. The rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of the leaves for the management of insomnia and anxiety were confirmed scientifically in this study.