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1.
《中国新药与临床杂志》1994,(5)
阿片成瘾者250例(男性222例,女性28例,年龄30±s5a)应用山莨菪碱0.5-2mg/(kg·d),分2-3次加入10%葡萄糖250mL或5%葡萄糖生理盐水500mL静脉滴注;东莨菪碱0.02-0.03mg/kg加入10%葡萄糖250mL静脉滴注1次,必要时对重患者追加1次,疗程5-7d。结果戒断症状均有改善(P<0.01),27例需加用羟丁酸钠。不良反应轻,可作为阿片瘾者的脱瘾药物。*P<0.01。碱确能解除阿片药物戒断症状。其对阿片戒断症状缓解时间在治疗4-5d后,强烈觅药渴求也随之逐渐消失。150例(60%)要求进食,175例(70%)仍需借助安眠药睡眠。另65例(26%)戒断症状阵发性发作,每次持续0.5-1h,症状轻重不一,轻者流泪、全身弥漫性疼痛,重者焦躁不安、心中猫抓虫咬样难受,甚至想自残,可配合艾司唑仑3-4mg/d,po或氯硝西泮6-10mg/d,po;也可用氯硝西泮1-2mg/次,im,每日2-3次;针刺胃俞、脾俞、中脘、足三里、印堂、太阳、百会、内关、合谷、命门、夹脊和肾俞穴位,根据临床症状任选其中3-5个穴位进行治疗或心理治疗能快速减轻患者戒断症状。治程中27例(10.8%)重? 相似文献
2.
R. K. Vesalainen K. U. O. Tahvanainen T. J. Kaila I. M. Kantola T. A. Kuusela D. L. Eckberg 《Clinical physiology and functional imaging》1997,17(2):135-133
We studied how posture influences the effects of transdermal scopolamine on autonomic cardiovascular regulation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 10 healthy young volunteers. We recorded the electrocardiogram and auscultatory sphygmomanometric and continuous non-invasive finger arterial pressure (Finapres device) to obtain signals for the beat-by-beat R–R interval and systolic, mean and diastolic pressures. R–R interval and arterial pressure variabilities were characterized by power spectral analysis. Scopolamine increased the mean R–R intervals and reduced arterial pressure in both the supine and the standing positions, but did not affect blood pressure variability. Scopolamine increased the total variability of R–R interval and its mid- (0·07–0·15 Hz) and high- (0·15–0·40 Hz) frequency band power in the standing position during controlled breathing at 0·25 Hz. In the supine position, scopolamine did not affect R–R interval variability. In the deep breathing test, scopolamine increased the maximal expiratory–inspiratory R–R interval ratio. This study showed that low-dose scopolamine increases vagal cardiac inhibition in both supine and standing positions in healthy volunteers. However, scopolamine increases heart rate variability only in the standing position during partial vagal withdrawal. The study also demonstrates that transdermal scopolamine decreases blood pressure in healthy young subjects. 相似文献
3.
Summary The influence of cholinergic and dopaminergic agents on the acquisition of a passive avoidance response in the rat is demonstrated. Trifluoperazine (0.12 mg/kg), a dopamine antagonist, inhibited task acquisition when present during training or later, during consolidation, at the 10–12 h posttraining period and at no other intervening time point. Induction of amnesia was dose-dependent and was not apparent when the dose exceeded 0.12 mg/ kg. This effect appears to be due to an increase in dopamine release through presynaptic receptor antagonism as similar results could be obtained by the administration of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg), a dopamine agonist, and this effect could be antagonized by the D 1 receptor selective antagonist SCH-23390. Scopolamine (0.15 mg/kg), a muscarinic antagonist, impaired acquisition of the passive avoidance response when administered during training and, separately, at the 6 h post-training period. This could not be attributed to presynaptic antagonism as oxotremorine (0.2 mg/kg), a muscarinic agonist, had no amnesic action. Administration of apomorphine or scopolamine during training and at the appropriate post-training period prevented subsequent paradigm-specific increases of neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation state in hippocampal immunoprecipitates obtained at 24 h after task acquisition and 4 h following intraventricular infusion of the labelled sialic acid precursor — N-acetyl-D-mannosamine. Oxotremorine alone did not influence neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation state. These observations provide further evidence of a regulatory role for neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation state in information storage processes.Abbreviations
NCAM
neural cell adhesion molecule
-
RSA
relative specific activity
-
SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
-
TCA
trichloroacetic acid
-
TFP
trifluoperazine 相似文献
4.
5.
BRIGITTE MÜLLER-KRAMPE MENACHEN OBERBAUM PETER KLEIN DIPL-MATH MICHAEL WEISER 《Pediatrics international》2007,49(3):328-334
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal spasms and cramps are common in children as well as in adults. Alternative medical practices such as chiropractice and homeopathy are becoming increasingly popular in Europe and the USA. The effectiveness and tolerability of the homeopathic preparation Spascupreel was compared with that of hyoscine butylbromide treatment in children <12 years of age. METHODS: An observational cohort study in 204 children <12 years was conducted over a 1 week treatment period. The efficacy of the respective therapies were evaluated on the effect on severity of spasms and clinical symptoms (pain/cramps, sleep disturbances, distress, eating or drinking difficulties and frequent crying). Compliance was evaluated on a four-point scale from 'very good' to 'low'. Evaluation was done by the practitioner based on information given by the patient or minder. RESULTS: The analysis showed comparative improvements with the homeopathic preparation and hyoscine butylbromide therapy on severity of spasms, pain/cramps, sleep disturbances, eating or drinking difficulties, and frequent crying, all as evaluated by the practitioner. Both treatments were very well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: For patients opting for a homeopathic therapy, Spascupreel seems to be an effective and well tolerated alternative to conventional therapies in children suffering from gastrointestinal spasms. 相似文献
6.
The neurodegeneration in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus exhibited a dorsal-ventral gradient of susceptibility in global ischemia (82% dorsoseptally and only 16% ventrotemporally). Scopolamine (SCOP) did not improve the neuronal damage caused by the global ischemic challenge in rats and did not reduce the infarct area after the focal MCA-occlusion in mice. No differences were observed between saline and SCOP-treated animals in the physiologic parameters, except for a slight increase in rectal temperature. In contrast, treatment of hippocampal cultures with increasing concentrations of SCOP (1 nM to 1 mM) under glutamate incubation had a beneficial effect on neuronal viability. These data show that (1) there is substantial gradient of vulnerability of the hippocampus from dorsal to ventral in global ischemia and (2) that interactions between the NMDA, muscarinic receptors and their corresponding neurotransmitter inputs to hippocampal neurons are evident in vitro and may play a crucial role in neuronal neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the high vulnerability of dorsal hippocampus still remain enigmatic. 相似文献
7.
The involvement of glutamatergic transmission in the mechanism of movement disorders induced by reversive rotation of white mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ability of the selective non-competitive NMDA receptor blocker MK-801 and a series of new glutamate antagonists—the adamantane
derivatives IEM-1754 and IEM-1857 and phencyclidine (IEM-1925)—to prevent movement disorders induced by reversive rotation
in mice was studied. I.p. MK-801 at a dose of 0.15 ml and IEM-1754 at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg prevented the development of akinesia
in response to reversive rotation, as effectively as scopolamine, a known agent which provides effective prophylaxis for movement
diseases. IEM-1857, the quaternary analog of IEM-1754, was not effective. IEM-1925 significantly increased the responses of
mice to reversive rotation, possibly because of its high activity in relation to other subtypes of glutamate receptors. These
data provide evidence for the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in the mechanism of movement disorders of vestibular
origin.
Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 497–501, May, 1999. 相似文献
8.
9.
Anticholinergic and antiglutamatergic agents protect against soman-induced brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lily Raveh Rachel Brandeis Eran Gilat Giora Cohen David Alkalay Ishai Rabinovitz Hagar Sonego Ben Avi Weissman 《Toxicological sciences》2003,75(1):108-116
Soman, a powerful inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, causes an array of toxic effects in the central nervous system including convulsions, learning and memory impairments, and, ultimately, death. We report on the protection afforded by postexposure antidotal treatments, combined with pyridostigmine (0.1 mg/kg) pretreatment, against these consequences associated with soman poisoning. Scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg) or caramiphen (10 mg/kg) were administered 5 min after soman (1.2 LD50), whereas TAB (i.e., TMB4, atropine, and benactyzine, 7.5, 3, and 1 mg/kg, respectively) was injected in rats concomitant with the development of toxic signs. Atropine (4 mg/kg) was given to the two former groups at the onset of toxic symptoms. Caramiphen and TAB completely abolished electrographic seizure activity while scopolamine treatment exhibited only partial protection. Additionally, no significant alteration in the density of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors was noted following caramiphen or TAB administration, while scopolamine application resulted in a complex outcome: a portion of the animals demonstrated no change in the number of these sites whereas the others exhibited markedly higher densities. Cognitive functions (i.e., learning and memory processes) evaluated using the Morris water maze improved considerably by the three treatments when compared to soman-injected animals; the following rank order was observed: caramiphen > TAB > scopolamine. Additionally, statistically significant correlations (r = 0.72, r = 0.73) were demonstrated between two learning parameters and [3H]Ro5-4864 binding to brain membrane. These results show that drugs with a pharmacological profile consisting of anticholinergic and antiglutamatergic properties such as caramiphen and TAB, have a substantial potential as postexposure therapies against intoxication by organophosphates. 相似文献
10.
目的观察孕酮对东莨菪碱所致记忆损伤小鼠的作用及机制。方法东莨菪碱(1mg·kg-1,ip)造成小鼠记忆损伤模型,利用被动逃避实验评价小鼠记忆成绩,并测定给药后24h小鼠皮质和海马胆碱酯酶(AChE)和胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)的活性。结果在被动逃避实验中,东莨菪碱造成小鼠记忆损伤,孕酮(1、10mg·kg-1,sc)预处理能减少跳台错误次数(P<0.05),延长跳台潜伏期(P<0.01)和避暗潜伏期(P<0.01)。东莨菪碱增加皮质和海马AChE活性,降低ChAT活性,孕酮(1mg·kg-1,sc)预处理抑制皮质和海马AChE活性的增加(P<0.01),升高皮质(P<0.05)和海马(P<0.01)ChAT活性。结论孕酮可以改善东莨菪碱所致记忆损伤,机制可能与其抑制皮质和海马AChE活性、升高ChAT活性有关。 相似文献