65例脑脊液鼻漏患者不同治疗方法的疗效对比分析

回顾分析 65例脑脊液鼻漏病例。随访 3个月～ 1 0年 ,其中 2 6例经保守治疗痊愈 ,治愈率 40 %。 3 9例经保守治疗无效的患者 9例自动离院 ;行开颅手术修补 7例 ,其中 3例治愈 ;行鼻外入路修补术 3例 ,全部治愈 ;经鼻内镜修补术 2 0例 ,其中 1次手术治愈 1 9例 ,2次手术治愈 1例。经鼻内镜脑脊液鼻漏修补术的成功率为 1 0 0 % ,其中 1次修补成功率为 95 %。结果提示 :鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术是外科治疗脑脊液鼻漏的首选术式     

经鼻内窥镜脑脊液鼻漏修补术

目的 :探讨经鼻内窥镜修补脑脊液鼻漏的操作技巧及疗效。方法 :经鼻内窥镜手术修补脑脊液鼻漏 12例 ,在鼻内窥镜直视下寻找漏口 ,处理漏口周围黏膜 ,应用肌浆、鼻中隔和中鼻甲黏膜瓣、明胶海绵及EC耳脑胶或生物蛋白胶等修补漏口 ,用湿润烧伤膏油纱条填塞鼻腔 ,术后 4～ 10d抽取纱条。结果 :12例脑脊液鼻漏均 1次修补成功。结论 :经鼻内窥镜修补脑脊液鼻漏具有微创、安全、复发率低等优点。     

鼻内窥镜诊治脑脊液漏的临床研究

目的 探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗脑脊液鼻漏临床相关因素。方法 对17例（19漏）内窥镜下修补脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果 脑脊液鼻漏17例中，外伤性15例，自发性2例，内窥镜下瘘口修补术一次性治愈15例，成功率88.2%，失败2例，再次修补成功，其中1例颅内高压术后腰穿持续引流减压。结论 内窥镜手术修补脑脊液鼻漏准确、微创；冠位CT薄层扫描对术前瘘口解剖定位有重要意义；影响手术效果的因素与修补材料的固定有关，与修补材料本身无明显关系；术后适当腰穿引流对于临床提示颅内压高、修补区薄弱病例仍需采用。     

核素脑池动态显像诊断脑脊液鼻漏的临床评价

目的：探讨核素脑池动态显像在脑脊液鼻漏诊断和治疗中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析了15例脑脊鼻漏的临床资料,尤其是核素脑池动态扫描的结果。结果：15例病人中14例核素脑池动态扫描有核素异常分析,且鼻漏出液放射性测定有核素显影,1例核素分布正常。14例核素分布异常病人,13例手术证实漏口与核素扫描结果一致,1例保守治疗成功。1例核素分布正常者,诊断假性脑脊液鼻漏,药物治疗而愈。结论：核素脑池动态显像作为一种简单创伤小的检查手段,对确定有无脑脊液脊液鼻漏和确定具体漏口部位有重要作用。     

带蒂骨膜瓣修补外伤性脑脊液鼻漏

目的：探讨一种有效的外伤性脑脊液鼻漏修补方法。方法：分析本科收治的6例经颅修补的脑脊液鼻漏，采用带蒂骨膜瓣翻转缝合及EC胶严密封闭漏口。结果：无手术死亡，术后脑脊液漏均停止。通过4个月-2年随访，仅有1例术后3个月轻微复发，保守治疗自愈。结论：该方法取材方便，抗感染能力强，一次手术成功率高。尤其适应于额窦后壁、筛窦顶部骨折或缺损所致的脑脊液鼻漏。     

儿童鼻内型脑膜脑膨出的临床特征及手术治疗

目的探讨儿童鼻内型脑膜脑膨出的临床特征及手术治疗。方法对1995年1月～2005年1月本科收治的9例鼻内型脑膜脑膨出患儿病例资料回顾性分析。结果经颅硬膜外手术4例、硬膜内手术2例，眶上锁孔入路手术3例。9例患儿均1次手术治愈。1例术后出现脑脊液漏，经保守治疗治愈。随访时间6个月～9年4个月，无复发及脑脊液鼻漏、脑膜炎等并发症。结论鼻内型脑膜脑膨出手术的关键是严密的硬脑膜缝合，避免术后脑脊液漏；确凿的颅骨缺损修补，避免术后复发；妥善处理疝囊，改善鼻腔通气功能。经前额入路修补是治疗鼻内型脑膜脑膨出安全有效的手段，眶上锁孔入路手术创伤小，疗效可靠。     

Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Nasal Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Double-blind,Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

Objective—To investigate the possible beneficial effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).

Material and Methods—Thirty-four patients (21 females, 13 males; mean age 28 years) were included in the study. AR was diagnosed by means of history, clinical examination and skin prick test. Patients were randomly divided into 3 subgroups a follows: in Group A, 20 units of BTX-A was injected into each nasal cavity (total 40 units); in Group B, 30 units of BTX-A was injected into each nasal cavity (total 60 units); and in Group C, 2 ml of isotonic saline was injected as placebo. The symptoms of AR (rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezing, itching) were scored by the patient on a six-point scale (from 0 to 5). All of the patients were followed up at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8; at each visit an anterior rhinoscopic examination was done and symptom scores were recorded.

Results—There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and B in terms of average symptom scores. Rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction and sneezing scores in Groups A and B were significantly better than those in Group C at all time points. Although itching scores were significantly lower at Weeks 1 and 2, there was no difference in the Week 4,6 and 8 scores in Groups A and B. When total symptom scores were evaluated, the results for Groups A and B were similar but significantly better than those for Group C.

Conclusion—In selected cases, injection of 40 units of BTX-A into the turbinates, as a single agent, may help the symptomatic control of AR for up to 8 weeks.