腰麻术后患者去枕平卧和垫枕自由卧位效果比较

目的 探讨蛛网膜下腔麻醉(腰麻)患者术后垫枕自由卧位的可行性。 方法 将200例腰麻术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组100例,观察组术后采取垫枕自由卧位,对照组术后采取常规去枕平卧位6h。结果 2组均未发生头痛;观察组不舒适率、皮肤受压及腰背酸痛发生率均低于对照组(χ²=67.307,P<0.001; χ²=7.446,P=0.006; χ²=42.017,P<0.001)。2组生命体征比较,差异无统计学意义。 结论 腰麻术后患者若无特殊医嘱或麻醉师交班时有明确要求,可予垫枕自由卧位,有利于提高患者舒适度,防止术后并发症的发生。     

Guidebook for Nutrition Counselors

Background: Because accurate measures of recumbent length are essential to assess growth and energy requirements of mobility-impaired individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), a reliable and simple method of estimating recumbent length is required. Prediction of recumbent length from knee height in this population has not yet been investigated.

Objectives: i) To correlate direct measures of recumbent length in mobility-impaired individuals having lower leg extremity cerebral palsy (LECP) involvement with indirect measures of recumbent length calculated using knee-height prediction equations and ii) to determine if knee height is a reliable predictor of recumbent length in this population.

Methods: Subjects (n=34; 15F, 19M), aged 6 to 30 years, were participants in a six-month nutrition rehabilitation program. All subjects had varying degrees of LECP involvement. Recumbent length to the nearest 0.5 cm was measured by standardised techniques. Knee height was measured to the nearest 0.5 centimetre using sliding callipers. Equations based on normal, healthy individuals with application to mobility-impaired or handicapped individuals were used to predict recumbent length from knee height.

Results: Direct measures of recumbent length of subjects significantly correlated with indirect measures calculated using knee height prediction equations (R=0.88, p≤0.0001). In addition, knee height of these subjects was a reliable predictor of recumbent length (R²=0.78, p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Results suggest that knee height may be a reliable predictor for recumbent length in this population.     

Shoulder and thorax kinematics contribute to increased power output of competitive handcyclists

Current knowledge of recumbent handbike configuration and handcycling technique is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the upper limb kinematics and handbike configurations of recreational and competitive recumbent handcyclists, during sport‐specific intensities. Thirteen handcyclists were divided into two significantly different groups based on peak aerobic power output (PO_peak) and race experience; competitive (n = 7; 5 H3 and 2 H4 classes; PO_peak: 247 ± 20 W) and recreational (n = 6; 4 H3 and 2 H4 classes; PO_peak: 198 ± 21 W). Participants performed bouts of exercise at training (50% PO_peak), competition (70% PO_peak), and sprint intensity while three‐dimensional kinematic data (thorax, scapula, shoulder, elbow, and wrist) were collected. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the kinematics of competitive and recreational handcyclists. Handbike configurations were determined from additional markers on the handbike. Competitive handcyclists flexed their thorax (~5°, P < 0.05), extended their shoulder (~10°, P < 0.01), and posteriorly tilted their scapular (~15°, P < 0.05) more than recreational handcyclists. Differences in scapular motion occurred only at training intensity while differences in shoulder extension and thorax flexion occurred both at training and competition intensities. No differences were observed during sprinting. No significant differences in handbike configuration were identified. This study is the first to compare the upper limb kinematics of competitive recreational handcyclists at sport‐specific intensities. Competitive handcyclists employed significantly different propulsion strategies at training and competition intensities. Since no differences in handbike configuration were identified, these kinematic differences could be due to technical training adaptations potentially optimizing muscle recruitment or force generation of the arm.     

麻黄素在预防剖宫产手术患者仰卧综合征中应用的临床观察

剖宫产手术患者因巨大子宫压迫腹主动脉，再加上麻醉药物致使交感神经抑制，部分血管扩张的作用使得患者回心血量急剧下降，因此仰卧综合征的发生率较高，为防止仰卧综合征的发生，常规采取左侧卧床30°左右，但仍然存在时有仰卧综合征的发生，除常规方法预防外，另采取当患者平卧时即刻给予麻黄素5-10mg静脉推注，起到了很好的临床效果，未见仰卧综合征的发生。     

内科胸腔镜术中心脏并发症危险因素分析

目的研究局部麻醉下内科胸腔镜术中心脏并发症危险因素,并探讨相应对策。方法监测15例接受开放式胸腔镜术患者术前术中血压、心率、动脉血气指标(pH值、PaO2、SaO2、BE、PaCO2)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)及非术侧卧位肺功能,Logistic回归分析心脏并发症危险因素。结果①15例患者中有10例术中出现一过性ECG变化:术中S-T段较术前升高或降低≥0.1mV和/或出现室性早搏≥5次/min,其中9例发生于术中前30min内。②发生ECG变化者术前及术中心率、血压、心肌耗氧指数(收缩压×心率)、SpO2、血气指标与未发生者无明显差异(P>0.05)。③术中胸腔内吸引及疼痛与心脏并发症的发生无相关性(P>0.05),不是心脏并发症的危险因素(P>0.05)。④发生心脏并发症者术中非术侧卧位肺活量(vital capacity,VC)、VC占预计值%、一秒钟用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)比未发生者明显减少,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05);心脏并发症的发生与术中VC<1.0L、FEV1<0.5L高度相关(P<0.05)。结论内科胸腔镜术中ECG变化多为一过性,但对于心肺功能差者应提高警惕;术中疼痛和胸腔内吸引不是内科胸腔镜术中心脏并发症危险因素;内科胸腔镜术中心脏并发症的发生与患者术中肺功能减低有关,术中VC<1.0L、FEV1<0.5L时心脏并发症可能性增加。     

斜卧体位与俯卧体位在微创经皮肾镜取石手术中的比较

目的: 比较斜卧位、俯卧位在微创经皮肾镜取石术中应用的安全性和疗效。方法: 2组上尿路结石患者共62例, 其中斜卧位27例, 俯卧位35例, 术前2组患者在年龄、性别、合并症等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),记录手术时间、出血量、围手术期并发症及术后住院天数等,并进行统计学分析。结果: 2组共62例手术均获成功,无穿刺失败和中转开放手术者。斜卧位组手术时间(85.1±25.3) min;术中出血量为(117.5±49.7) mL;未发生严重的并发症。俯卧位组手术时间为(97.2±30.6) min;术中出血量为(149.3±53.1) mL;术中发现气胸1例,术后发生大出血2例。2组病人在术中出血量、手术并发症及术后住院天数等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论: 改良斜卧位经皮肾镜取石术疗效与俯卧位相似, 但改良斜卧位手术患者较易耐受,且并发症少,安全性高,在临床上有良好的推广前景。     

一体式俯卧位垫在改良折刀位手术患者中的应用

目的 研究一体式俯卧位垫在改良折刀位手术患者中的应用效果。 方法 选取2016年3月-2018年3月于我院接受改良折刀位手术治疗的痔疮患者84例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分成研究组与对照组,每组各42例。2组患者术中均取俯卧位,对照组术中采用传统海绵垫,而研究组采用一体式俯卧位垫。比较2组平均动脉压、心率及术中压疮发生率。 结果 2组平均动脉压、心率在时间效应和组间效应上均具有统计学差异。研究组术中压疮发生率低于对照组(χ²=4.974,P=0.026)。 结论 一体式俯卧位垫应用于改良折刀位手术患者中,有利于维持患者平均动脉压及心率的稳定,减少术中压疮的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

左侧斜卧位在腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术中对产妇血流动力学的临床应用效果

目的：探讨左侧斜卧位在腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术中对产妇血流动力学的临床应用效果。方法整群选取该院在2015年5—10月收治的62例行剖宫产患者分为A﹑B两组,每组31例,在手术前对两组患者行麻醉,再协助A组患者左侧倾斜15~20°位,B组协助患者平卧位。手术结束时记录产妇的SBP﹑HR,观察两组患者的不良症状及血流动力学指标。结果 A﹑B两组在用药前SBP均偏高,在分别给予10 min用药后A组SBP为120.47 mmHg左右,B组为115.57mmHg左右;A组HR为83.2次/min左右,B组为93.8次/min左右,两组产妇均在血压水平正常范围内,但A组SPB高于B组,HR低于B组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论左侧斜卧位腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫术对产妇血流动力学的影响较小,可降低低血压的发生率,麻醉安全性可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

左侧卧位插胃管法在抢救昏迷患者中应用的效果评价

目的 探讨左侧卧位插胃管法在抢救昏迷患者过程中的应用,以减轻患者插胃管所造成的不适,提高插胃管的一次成功率.方法 将100例昏迷患者随机分为对照组和实验组各50例,分别采用常规插胃管法和左侧卧位插胃管法,观察2组患者在插胃管过程中的置管成功率及并发症的发生情况.结果 实验组比对照组插管一次成功率高,且并发症发生率降低.结论 采取左侧卧位插胃管法是昏迷患者理想的插胃管的体位.     

硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇体位的探讨

目的 探讨硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇合适体位,常规去枕平卧位有无必要性。方法 行硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后的产妇109例,根据住院号单双数随机分为两组,观察组59例术后返回病房即给予垫枕,术后1～2h协助产妇翻身更换体位,按产妇需要取左侧卧位、右侧卧位或平卧位,对照组50例按常规去枕平卧位6h。观察两组产妇头痛,枕后项部及腹背部酸痛不适感、恶露排出、新生儿早吸吮情况。结果 两组比较头痛无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组枕后项部及腰背部酸痛不适感比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,观察组较对照组卧位舒适;两组新生儿早吸吮比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,观察组利于新生儿早吸吮。结论 硬膜外麻醉刮宫产术后6h内无需去枕平卧位预防头痛,应取垫枕自由体位。