The high-riding superior aortic recess of the pericardium: MRI visualization in a child

We report a 4-year-old child with a high-riding superior aortic recess of the pericardium, initially misdiagnosed as a possible vascular malformation. The anatomy of the pericardial recesses is reviewed.     

心包窦及其相邻结构横断层解剖学研究

目的：阐明心包窦、心包隐窝横断层解剖学特征，为ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ提供形态学基础。方法：按ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ扫描要求，冰冻、锯切３０具经防腐固定的男性成年躯干，制成连续横断层标本。对每一断层下断面进行拍照，结合标本和照片对断层面的结构进行追踪观察、记录、分析处理。结果：对心包横窦及其隐窝的断层解剖学特征进行了详细描述，并阐明其在ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ中的应用意义；横窦体位于主动脉窦口稍上方，向右经右心耳和右心室壁之间通入固有心包腔，向左经左心耳与右心室壁之间通入固有心包腔，主动脉上隐窝在此平面开口于窦体；８０％的主动脉上隐窝位于主动脉弓头臂干起始处，主动脉弓、胸腺、上腔静脉之间；上腔静脉后隐窝，出现率为２０％；主动脉下隐窝位于主动脉无冠状动脉窦（右后窦）、左冠状动脉窦（左后窦）和左心房之间，出现率为１００％。结论：掌握心包窦、心包隐窝及其相邻结构的横断层解剖学特征对影像诊断具有重要意义     

肩关节囊的应用解剖

本文对50侧正常成人肩关节滑膜的附着、盂肱韧带及关节内的滑膜隐窝的出现情况等进行了观测,为肩关节造影及肩关节镜术等提供了解剖学基础.     

Outcome of distraction interference arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint for sacroiliac arthritis

Background:

After lumbar or lumbosacral fusion for various spine disorders, adjacent segment disease has been reported. Most of the studies have focused on proximal segment disease. The author has reported sacroiliac joint degeneration in these patients. Based on our own experiences with an increasing number of patients with sacroiliac joint (SIJ) arthralgia after multi-level lumbar or lumbosacral fusion procedures, we evaluated a surgical procedure called distraction arthrodesis of the SIJ for patients with refractory severe pain of the SIJ.

Materials and Methods:

Nineteen (19) consecutive patients were recruited and evaluated prospectively after undergoing distraction arthrodesis of the SIJ. The inclusion criteria for the surgical procedure were degeneration of the SIJ and failed conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and CT scans were performed in all cases. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). CT scans were performed postoperatively and again at the final followup to evaluate assess fusion. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software (version 10.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL) and statistical analysis was performed. The P values were based on the Student t-test.

Results:

The mean followup was 13.2 months. All patients had an instrumented lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. The overall fusion rate of SIJ was 78.9% (15/19 joints). All patients demonstrated significant improvement in VAS and ODI scores compared to preoperative values. The mean VAS score was 8.5 before surgery and was 6 at final followup, demonstrating 30% improvement. The mean ODI scores were 64.1 before surgery and 56.97 at the final followup, demonstrating 12% improvement.

Conclusions:

Refractory sacroiliac pain as a result of multi-level fusion surgery can be successfully treated with minimally invasive arthrodesis. It offers a safe and effective treatment for severe SIJ pain. Careful patient selection is important.     

心包窦、心包隐窝及心包间隙影像横断解剖

目的 了解心包腔在心脏、大血管周围形成的诸窦、隐窝、间隙,分析其横断解剖位置及其鉴别诊断。方法 本文搜集50例正常纵隔结构CT扫描病例,采用西门子螺旋CT Somatomplus。结果 心包横窦显示率100%,心包斜窦显示率84%,心包前下窦显示率100%,心包上隐窝显示率（主动脉前隐窝82%、主动脉后隐窝68%）,上腔静脉后隐窝显示率20%,左肺静脉隐窝显示率82%。结论 CT为横断扫描,具有很高的密度分辨率,能清晰显示纵隔正常结构,从而分析心包诸窦、隐窝、心包间隙的横断解剖及其鉴别诊断。