一种锁定式钻头保护器

设计一款锁定钻孔深度的钻头保护器，操作简单、安全。     

The effects of a hearing education program on recreational noise exposure,attitudes and beliefs toward noise,hearing loss,and hearing protector devices in young adults

Excessive recreational noise exposure in young adults might result in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and tinnitus. Inducing behavioral change in young adults is one of the aims of a hearing conservation program (HCP). The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a hearing education program after 6 months in young adults in relation to knowledge regarding their individual hearing status. The results of a questionnaire regarding the weekly equivalent recreational noise exposure, attitudes and beliefs toward noise, and hearing loss and hearing protector devices (HPDs) were compared between both sessions. Seventy-eight young adults completed the questionnaire concerning recreational noise exposure, youth attitude to noise scale (YANS), and beliefs about hearing protection and hearing loss (BAHPHL). Their hearing status was evaluated based on admittance measures, audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The main analysis consisted of a mixed model analysis of variance with dependent variables of either the noise exposure or the scores on (subscales of) YANS and BAHPHL. The independent variables were hearing status and session one versus session two. There was a significant decrease in recreational noise exposure and several (sub) scales of YANS and BAHPHL between both the sessions. This behavioral change resulted in a more frequent use of HPDs in 12% of the participants. However, the behavioral change was not completely related to the knowledge of young adults’ individual hearing status. To prevent hearing damage in young people, investing in HCPs is necessary, apart from regulating sound levels and its compliance at various leisure-time activities. Also, the long-term effect of HCPs and their most cost-efficient repetition rates should be further investigated.     

Operating theatre etiquette,sterile technique and surgical site preparation

The operating theatre is an unusual environment and understanding the systems in place there is an important part of surgical training. ‘Non-technical skills’ is a term used to describe everything a surgeon does in the operating theatre, other than the technical aspects of the procedure itself. This includes communication, decision making and leadership. Non-technical skills have become a vital aspect of the development of a surgeon and should form part of training programmes. A fundamental responsibility of the surgeon is the maintenance of sterility. The techniques of the surgical scrub and preparing and draping a patient only become second nature after good teaching and reflection by the surgeon. The purpose of this article is firstly to describe how a surgical trainee can get the most out of an operating session. We will describe what non-technical surgical skills are and why they are important. We will focus on safety in the operating theatre and discuss worldwide strategies such as the ‘Surgical Safety Checklist’ that aims to improve this. Finally we will present data on measures to reduce surgical site infection, such as which surgical scrub solution to use and whether drapes or wound protectors work.     

不同类型保持器对固定矫治后再矿化的影响

目的:观察不同类型保持器对固定矫治后牙釉质再矿化的影响,以及氟保护剂的再矿化作用。方法:将30名固定矫治结束后釉质脱矿患者随机分为2组(n=15),传统保持器组(A组,117个牙)和压膜保持器组(B组,116个牙)每组再分为3个亚组,分别进行不同再矿化处理。1组:生理盐水;2组:1 mg/m L氟保护剂;3组:350 g/L磷酸凝胶酸蚀+1 mg/m L氟保护剂。每月复诊处理1次并观察半年,用ZWCAD2010软件测量数据并进行统计学分析。结果:拆除固定矫治器时A、B组内以及相应各亚组间釉质脱矿面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再矿化处理后釉质脱矿面积改变量:A1组0.05);B1组0.05);A1>B1、A2>B2、A3>B3,均P<0.05。结论:用传统保持器更有利于再矿化;给予氟保护剂能够促进再矿化。     

Safety of laser use under the dental microscope

The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of laser use under the dental microscope. Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and diode lasers were used. The end of the tips was positioned at a distance of 5 cm from the objective lens of a dental microscope. Each eye protector was made into a flat disc, which was fixed on the lens of the microscope. The filters were placed in front of the objective lens or behind the eye lens. Transmitted energy through the microscope with or without the filters was measured. No transmitted laser energy was detected when using matched eye protectors. Mismatched eye protectors were not effective for shutting out laser energy, especially for Nd:YAG and diode lasers. None or very little laser energy was detected through the microscope even without any laser filter. Matched filters shut out all laser energy irrespective of their positions.     

Japanese orthopedists’ interests in prevention of fractures in the elderly from falls

The aim of the present study was to survey the interest of Japanese orthopedists in preventing fractures in the elderly, and investigate their awareness with regard to main prevention strategies such as medications and hip protectors. From the list of 20,899 members of the Japanese Orthopedic Association, we randomly selected a sample of 2035 people. Each orthopedist was sent an anonymous survey consisting of 12 questions during July to August 2001. At that time, risedronate, raloxifene, and parathyroid hormone had not been approved for clinical use in Japan, and even alendronate had just been approved. Of the survey forms sent, 1011 responses were received, for a response rate of 50%. Analysis of these responses showed a very high interest in osteoporosis, fractures in the elderly from falls, and the prevention of such fractures. This interest was associated with physician age, with those above the age of 50 years being 2.3 times more likely to have an interest in each of these than physicians below that age. The respondents considered the most promising measure for the prevention of fractures in the elderly from falls to be fall prevention, followed by exercise and osteoporosis medications. The medication considered to be effective as a monotherapy by the overwhelming number of respondents was bisphosphonates, followed by vitamin D₃ and calcitonin. Combination agents cited were vitamin D₃, bisphosphonates, and calcitonin, in that order. Forty-two percent of respondents had some knowledge of hip protectors, but confidence in them as a means to prevent fractures was still low. The practical information from our survey should serve as a starting point for comparison to periods when new bisphosphonates or hip protectors become commonly available to Japanese orthopedists. The overall results indicate that Japanese orthopedists are very positive toward fracture prevention.     

氟保护漆的释放研究

目的：观察氟保护漆在去离子水中的释放情况。方法：采用氟离子选择电极法。结果；在整个10天的实验期间，氟保护漆都释放一定量的氟，且随浸泡时间延长稀释出量逐渐下降。结论：氟保护漆释氟主要发生在第1小时，同时在一定时期内能缓慢持续释放到周围环境中，具有一定的防龋潜力。     

应用插入传声器法测量护耳器在高强脉冲噪声作用下的声衰减

该研究的目的是应用插入传声器研究一种护耳器声衰减现场人体客观测试法。插入传声器上装有一个外径为1.5毫米的有机树指软管用以将耳道的声压传递给耳道外部的传声器。经实验室实验和处理得出一个公式以修正软管本身带来的影响。实验结果表明插入传声器法所测护耳器声衰减结果和传统的主观法所测结果在低于3.15KHz频段内是一致的。并克服了主观法低频段生理噪声误差.因此插入传声器法是一可靠的人体客观测试方法。现场测试还表明泡沫塑料耳塞(E.A.R)的声衰减与大容积耳罩一样。耳塞、耳罩同时佩戴声衰减效果有大幅度提高(提高6-18dB)。     

髋关节保护器对老年人股骨颈骨折患者术后早期功能训练中跌倒恐惧的影响

目的:观察应用髋保护器对股骨颈骨折术后病人跌倒恐惧的影响及效果分析。方法:40例股骨颈骨折后内固定的患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组20例,对照组不佩戴髋保护器进行常规康复治疗,观察组则佩戴保护器进行同样程序的康复治疗,康复治疗8周。分别于康复前后对2组患者进行评定,跌倒恐惧采用简明国际跌倒效能感量表(FES-I)评分,日常生活能力采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分,焦虑情绪采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分。结果:2组患者康复后的跌倒恐惧指数、焦虑指数较康复前降低(P<0.05),观察组更低于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者康复后的MBI评分较康复前提高(P<0.05),观察组更高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:应用髋保护器可以有效降低老年人股骨颈骨折术后功能训练中产生的跌倒恐惧和焦虑情绪,从而提高患者的日常生活能力。