MANAGEMENT TO PREVENT BLEEDING DURING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING THE FLUSH KNIFE FOR GASTRIC TUMORS

The gastric vasculature responsible for intraoperative bleeding in endosocpic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the ramified vascular network occupying the middle of the submucosal layer and large vessels penetrating the muscle layer. Appropriate management for these vessels must be addressed. The trimming of the ramified vascular network can be safely performed with coagulation mode following shallow mucosal cutting. A large penetrating vessel usually requires precoagulation prior to dissection. These procedures are effectively performed with the water jet short needle knife (Flush knife).     

抗生素不同用药方案预防乳癌手术部位感染的成本效果分析

目的探讨抗生素不同用药方案对乳癌术后手术部位感染的预防效果和成本的影响。方法506例乳腺癌改良根治手术患者随机分为观察组(n=253)和对照组(n=253)。观察组术前半小时静脉滴注头孢曲松2.0g;对照组术后3d每天静脉滴注头孢曲松2.0g。观察和记录术后患者手术部位感染情况并计算感染有关的医疗成本。结果术后感染发生率观察组和对照组分别为1.19%(3/252)和1.58%(4/253),其中手术部位感染共6例(1.19%),观察组和对照组各3例(1.19%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组呼吸道感染1例。预防和治疗术后感染的直接医疗费用观察组为(163±78)元,对照组为(388±134)元,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论成本-效果分析表明,术前单次头孢曲松在预防手术部位感染方面与对照组等效,且医疗费用显著降低,具有更高的性价比。     

医学气象学与SARS流行的相关性研究

目的从医学气象学角度探讨SARS流行与气象因素的相关性。方法以SARS高发区广州、北京为例,通过网络、报刊等媒介获取两地在SARS流行前后的相关气象因子(日最高温度、日最低温度、相对湿度)及SARS疫情报告,运用EXCEL2000及相关矩阵法统计分析气象因子与SARS流行的关系,并从医学气象学角度对其相关性作出探讨。结果①SARS在12.8～23.5℃发病率最高,且与最高温度呈负相关。②SARS发病与最低温度呈负相关,高发前期有明显的降温过程。③广州的相对湿度较北京高,但与SARS的流行相关性不大。④2001年冬平均气温高于往年。结论①相对湿度较大有利于SARS的发生。②SARS发生于温热天气,气温波动有助于其流行。③气候异常变化是SARS发生的诱因。     

茶多酚对大鼠主动脉微血管样结构影响的研究

目的:开展茶多酚对大鼠主动脉微血管样结构影响,为其抗肿瘤血管生成分子机制研究提供实验资料.方法:大鼠主动脉无血清培养,加入茶多酚大、中、小剂量及bFGF(碱性成纤维母细胞生长因子),观察对微血管结构影响.结果:茶多酚大、中、小剂量均可抑制新生血管形成.结论:茶多酚能抗血管生成.     

牛初乳类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ对大鼠糖尿病的预防作用研究

目的探讨牛初乳类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(BC-IGF-Ⅰ)对大鼠糖尿病的预防作用。方法雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组,分别为链脲佐菌素(STZ)对照组,BC-IGF-Ⅰ低、中、高剂量组。BC-IGF-Ⅰ组分别按低[5μg/(kg.d]、中[10μg/(kg.d)]、高[20μg/(kg.d)]灌胃BC-IGF-Ⅰ;STZ对照组灌胃蒸馏水[5 ml/(kg.d)]。连续灌胃12 d后,腹腔注射STZ(55 mg/kg)。于注射后3,7,14 d采集大鼠血清,检测血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯4项指标。结果口服不同剂量的BC-IGF-Ⅰ组大鼠4项指标均显著低于STZ对照组(P<0.001),且存在剂量效应。结论口服BC-IGF-Ⅰ能够对STZ所致糖尿病起到预防和延缓的作用。     

鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后预防并发鼻中隔穿孔的研究

目的探讨鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后并发鼻中隔穿孔的预防措施。方法采用回顾性研究,总结分析20年来我科经治的243例鼻中隔偏曲患者术后疗效及穿孔的发生情况。结果鼻中隔粘膜下矫正术组185例,其中发生黏膜破损41例（22．16％）,术后并发鼻中隔穿孔1例（0．54％）,与鼻中隔黏膜下切除术组比较,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。疗效评定：鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术组,治愈31例（74．59％）,好转47例（25．41％）,与黏膜下切除术组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．005。结论无论从预防鼻中隔穿孔的角度,还是手术的疗效角度,鼻中隔偏曲黏膜下矫正术都是比鼻中隔黏膜下切除术更理想的术式。     

Cusp Symmetry and Coronary Ostial Eccentricity and its Impact on Coronary Access Following TAVR

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity and its impact on coronary access following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a patient-specific commissural alignment implantation technique.BackgroundTAVR implantation techniques to obtain neocommissural alignment have been introduced. The impact of cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity on coronary access after TAVR remains unknown.MethodsCardiac computed tomographic scans from 200 tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs) and 200 type 1 bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) were studied. Cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity were assessed. In addition, the right coronary cusp/left coronary cusp and right coronary artery (RCA)/left coronary artery (LCA) ostia overlap views were calculated and compared.ResultsSevere cusp asymmetry (>135°) was more frequent in BAVs (52.5%) than in TAVs (2.5%) (P < 0.001), with the noncoronary cusp being the most common dominant cusp. The RCA ostium was found to be more often eccentric (>20°) than the LCA ostium (28% vs 6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Considering the right/left cusp overlap view, there was <20° deviation between the right coronary cusp–left coronary cusp centered line and the RCA-LCA centered line in 95% of all patients (TAV, 97%; BAV, 93%). The right/left cusp and coronary ostia overlap view differed by <10° and <20° fluoroscopic angulation in 75% and 98% of all cases, respectively.ConclusionsUsing the right/left cusp overlap view to obtain commissural alignment in TAVR is also an effective approach to implant one of the transcatheter heart valve commissures in the near center between both coronary ostia in most TAVs and type 1 BAVs. Preprocedural CT assessment remains crucial to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity.     

Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Young,Low-Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is approved for all patient risk profiles and is an option for all patients irrespective of age. However, patients enrolled in the low- and intermediate-risk trials were in their 70s, and those in the high-risk trials were in their 80s. TAVR has never been systematically tested in young (<65 years), low-risk patients. Unanswered questions remain, including the safety and effectiveness of TAVR in patients with bicuspid aortic valves; future coronary access; durability of transcatheter heart valves; technical considerations for surgical transcatheter heart valve explantation; management of concomitant conditions such as aortopathy, mitral valve disease, and coronary artery disease; and the safety and feasibility of future TAVR-in-TAVR. The authors predict that balancing these questions with patients’ clear preference for less invasive treatment will become common. In this paper, the authors consider each of these questions and discuss risks and benefits of theoretical treatment strategies in the lifetime management of young patients with severe aortic stenosis.