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An Analysis of the Buy-Vs-Lease Decision 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 22 test applicants who requested Huntington's disease (HD) predictive testing in South Wales, and a random sample of 32 non-requesters, drawn from the South Wales HD register. Apart from identifying differences between the groups, the study afforded the opportunity to listen, at length, to at-risk individuals' accounts of living at risk and their thoughts about predictive testing and genetic services. Emergent themes included difficulties in family communication and the uncertainties inherent in being at risk and undergoing testing. Important factors in decision making about testing were: moral imperatives to clarify one's genetic status; views about the controllability of the future; family attitudes and norms; and the impact of a test result on family members. At-risk individuals' perceptions of the genetics service were that contact with the service would result in pressure to be tested and a need for test applicants to present a favourable view of coping capacities to secure testing. In addition, there was an expectation of ongoing contact with HD families at the initiative of the service providers. Implications of the findings for the way in which predictive testing services are structured and introduced to the at-risk population are discussed. 相似文献
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目的研究应用力学因素检测膝关节功能方法的有效性.方法利用测力平台测量得到人体下肢在运动过程中的力学曲线,用数学方法确定力学曲线的最大值F和曲线特征值R.结果给出51例骨关节炎患者的分析数据,并给出30例正常人的结果作为对照.结论应用力学因素可以有效地检测膝关节功能状态. 相似文献
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Decisions about which health-care interventions represent adequate value to collectively funded health-care systems are as widespread as they are unavoidable. In the case of new pharmaceuticals, many countries now require formal cost-effectiveness analysis to inform this decision-making process. This requires evidence on parameters associated with health-related utilities, treatment effects, resource use, and costs, for which data from available regulatory trials are invariably absent or highly uncertain. This uncertainty results from a number of factors including the predominance of intermediate end points in the clinical evidence-base and the limited period of follow-up of patients in clinical studies. Despite these imperfections in the evidence base, decisions about whether new pharmaceuticals are sufficiently cost-effective for reimbursement cannot be side-stepped. Data limitations do, however, require the use of rigorous analytical methods to support decision making. Probabilistic decision models and value of information analysis offer a means of structuring decision problems, synthesizing all available data, characterizing the uncertainty in the decision, quantifying the cost of uncertainty, and establishing the expected value of perfect information. This analytical framework is important because it addresses two fundamental questions about new pharmaceuticals. First, is the product expected to be cost-effective on the basis of existing evidence? Second, is additional research concerning the product itself cost-effective? In addressing these questions, the analytical framework can establish when sufficient evidence exists to sustain a claim for a new pharmaceutical to be cost-effective. 相似文献
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目的 近年来产生了一些用于分析基因表达数据的聚类算法,却很少有关于评价聚类算法方法的研究。本研究的目的是尝试建立一个定量的评价基因表达数据聚类结果的方法。方法 本研究提供了一个系统的评价聚类结果的方法,利用我们提出的实验均方误差F值对几个常见的聚类算法进行比较。结果 利用F值对类质量的评价和利用已有的生物学知识对类进行分析的结果一致。结论 实验均方误差F值可以定量地评判用于基因表达数据的聚类算法。 相似文献
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医院管理不是孤立自存的现象,由于管理者和被管理都生活在一定的医院文化氛围之中,因此,医院文化的哲学内核是现代医院管理知识的精髓,医院组织的价值观念、道德准则和思维方式,深刻地影响和制约着现代医院管理的原则和方法,决定着现代医院管理的实施和成败。 相似文献
10.
Localized pleural plaques and lung cancer. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T Partanen M Nurminen A Zitting H Koskinen M Wiikeri K Ahlman 《American journal of industrial medicine》1992,22(2):185-192
In a mass chest radiography survey conducted in 1971 for 7,986 residents of three Finnish communities, 604 subjects (7.6%) with pleural plaques but not other asbestos-related radiographic signs were identified. The same number of referents, each individually matched to each plaque carrier on sex, birth year, and community, was selected from among persons in the same source population with no pleural plaques. The two groups were followed for investigation of incidence of lung cancer during 1972-1989. Twenty-eight of those with plaques and 25 referents contracted lung cancer (crude conditional RR = 1.1; CL95 = 0.7, 1.9). The application of the proportional hazards model, with adjustment for sex, age, and residence, resulted in a hazard ratio of 1.1 (CL = 0.6, 1.8). The risk ratio estimate may be biased; hence, the result is inconclusive in regard to the predictive assessment of lung cancer risk among carriers of pleural plaques. 相似文献