Local immune responses and systemic cytokine responses in zoster: relationship to the development of postherpetic neuralgia

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox) as the primary infection and zoster (shingles) on reactivation from latency, often many years later. One of the most common and most severe sequela of zoster is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Apart from age, factors which predispose towards PHN are unknown. In the present study, the concentration of a variety of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum of 30 zoster patients at the time of the acute disease were correlated with the subsequent development of PHN in nine of these patients, but no association was found. In addition, although some cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IL-6 and IL-8 were slightly raised in the zoster group compared with a group of normal healthy subjects of a similar age distribution, these differences only verged on significance. Antibody titres to VZV were raised in the zoster group compared with the controls but these did not differ between the patients who developed PHN and those who did not. Biopsies of zoster lesions were collected from nine patients. There were significantly fewer infiltrating lymphocytes in the lesions of the three patients who subsequently developed PHN compared with the six who did not, although the expression of the neuropeptide, substance P, did not differ between the two groups. It is possible that the poor inflammatory response at the time of the acute zoster may result in less effective containment of the VZV and more damage in the dermatome, thus contributing to the persistence of the neuralgia.     

Metformin use and the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with type 2 diabetes

Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia cause substantial pain in patients. Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prone to zoster infection and postherpetic neuralgia due to compromised immunity. We conducted this study to evaluate the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia between metformin users and nonusers. Propensity score matching was utilized to select 47 472 pairs of metformin users and nonusers from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. The Cox proportional hazards models were used for comparing the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia between metformin users and nonusers in patients with T2D. Compared with no-use of metformin, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for metformin use in herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia were 0.70 (0.66, 0.75) and 0.510 (0.39, 0.68), respectively. A higher cumulative dose of metformin had further lower risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia than metformin no-use. This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that metformin use was associated with a significantly lower risk of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia than metformin no-use. Moreover, a higher cumulative dose of metformin was associated with further lower risks of these outcomes.     

胸椎旁神经阻滞术联合臭氧治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛临床观察

目的评价胸椎旁神经阻滞术联合臭氧治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛临床疗效。方法共85例带状疱疹后遗神经痛患者随机接受基础口服药物+维生素B12肌内注射+皮损区局部阻滞(A组),或基础口服药物+复方三维B肌内注射+皮损区局部神经阻滞(B组),或基础口服药物+复方三维B肌内注射+胸椎旁神经阻滞+皮损区局部神经阻滞(C组),或基础口服药物+复方三维B肌内注射+胸椎旁神经阻滞及臭氧注射+皮损区局部神经阻滞(D组)。分别于治疗前和治疗4周后进行视觉模拟评分(VAS)、睡眠质量评分(QS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分和血清C.反应蛋白(CRP)检测,综合评价治疗效果。结果经治疗后,不同处理组患者VAS、QS和SDS评分均低于治疗前(P<0.05);A、B和C组患者治疗前后血清C.反应蛋白水平无明显变化(均P>0.05);D组患者治疗后血清C.反应蛋白水平低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论胸椎旁神经阻滞术联合臭氧是治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛快捷而有效的方法。     

2017-2019年南阳市带状疱疹后神经痛分析及病毒基因分型研究

目的分析带状疱疹后神经痛及病毒基因分型,指导临床疾病预防与治疗。方法收集2017-2019年41例带状疱疹后神经痛患者临床资料,以187例带状疱疹非神经痛患者作为对照组。收集患者临床资料,调查带状疱疹后神经痛流行病学特征。采用PCR扩增及测序比对方法对病毒进行基因分型并进行单核苷酸多态性分析。结果观察组患者女性32例,占78.05%,男性9例,占21.95%,对照组女性90例,占48.13%,男性97例,占51.87%,两组患者构成差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.1013,P<0.05)。对照组21-40岁、41-60岁和>60岁患者病例数分别为54、61和72例,分别占28.88%、32.62%和38.50%,观察组病例数分别为6、9和26例,分别占14.63%、21.95%和63.41%,两组不同年龄患者构成差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.5154,P<0.05)。带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中三叉神经受累患者居多;严重型皮损患者、皮损面积>5%的患者居多;带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中,有前驱痛患者、重度疼痛的患者居多;与对照组相比,观察组有前驱痛、重度疼痛的患者带状疱疹后神经痛发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。带状疱疹后神经痛发病患者中初治时间≥3 d患者居多;与对照组相比,观察组初治时间≥3 d患者带状疱疹后神经痛发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);所有带状疱疹病毒ORF22读码框中,37902、38019、38055、38081、38177、38299六个位点的核苷酸为G、G、C、C、A、A,带状疱疹患者均为J型。结论积极关注高龄女性带状疱疹患者,调查患者受累神经、皮损及疼痛情况,发现症状及时治疗,可以有效预防带状疱疹后神经痛发生。     

超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹相关疼痛的Meta分析

文题释义： 椎旁神经阻滞：是通过将局麻药物注射到椎旁间隙内而实现,阻滞包括椎旁脊神经和其分支以及交感干,具有简单、易行、有效及低廉等特点。 带状疱疹相关疼痛：是由于潜伏在感觉神经节的水痘带状疱疹病毒被重新激活引起的近期或远期疼痛。主要包括带状疱疹急性期疼痛(即带状疱疹痛)和带状疱疹后神经痛。疼痛常表现为典型的病理性神经痛特点,主要特征是自发痛、痛觉过敏、感觉异常等,呈电击样、烧灼样、针刺样等疼痛。 背景：目前临床研究显示超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸腰段带状疱疹相关疼痛有显著效果,并在临床上得到了广泛使用。 目的：系统评价超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸腰段带状疱疹相关疼痛的有效性及安全性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。 方法：检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMBASE、CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP以及CBM等数据库,检索时限为建库至2019-01-01。根据制定的纳入和排除标准,收集有关超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞治疗及药物治疗胸腰段带状疱疹急性期疼痛或带状疱疹后神经痛的随机对照试验,以超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞组作为实验组,药物治疗组或传统椎旁神经阻滞组作为对照组。依据Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0偏倚风险评估工具评价纳入文献质量。通过Revman 5.3软件对文献数据进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：①最终纳入11项随机对照试验研究文献,共916例受试者;②Meta分析结果显示：与对照组相比,超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞组的镇痛效果更好,在1-4周内临床镇痛效果最佳,采用随机效应模型下分析,1周：MD=-0.91,95%CI(-1.22,-0.61),P < 0.000 01;2周：MD=-1.11,95%CI(-1.52,-0.70),P < 0.000 01;3周：MD= -1.26,95%CI(-1.79,-0.74),P < 0.000 01;4周：MD= -0.90,95%CI(-1.57,-0.24),P=0.007;同时睡眠质量及治疗有效率均有提高[固定效应模型下分析,OR=3.63,95%CI(2.38,5.53),P < 0.000 01],统计结果差异有显著性意义,并且具有未增加整个治疗过程的不良反应等优点;③结果说明,超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞治疗胸腰段带状疱疹相关疼痛是安全和有效的。 ORCID: 0000-0001-7945-6411(宋旭东) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

臭氧自血疗法联合药物治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效评价

 目的探讨臭氧自血疗法联合药物治疗带状疱疹后神经痛（PHN）的效果。方法纳入118例PHN患者并随机分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。对照组采用双氯芬酸、普瑞巴林和甲钴胺药物口服治疗,观察组在此基础上联合臭氧自血疗法,均治疗1个月。使用VAS评分、SF-MPQ评分及WHOQOL-BREF量表评估治疗前、治疗后1周、2周和1个月时所有PHN患者的症状改善情况,同时检测血浆β-内啡肽、P物质、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平。结果完成研究103例,其中对照组52例,治疗组51例。与对照组相比,观察组患者治疗后1个月时VAS评分(t=2.38）、SF MPQ评分(t=2.72)和WHOQOL BREF评分(t=2.54)均有统计学差异(均P<0.05),观察组血浆β-内啡肽水平(t=2.61)明显提高,P物质水平(t=2.48)、IL-1β(t=2.32)和TNF-α(t=2.40)水平明显下降(均P<0.05)。结论臭氧自血疗法联合药物治疗优于单纯药物治疗PHN。     

连续硬膜外输注消炎镇痛液治疗不同病程带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效研究

目的:比较连续硬膜外输注利多卡因和甲基强的松龙对不同病程带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN)患者的治疗效果。方法:胸腹部PHN患者70例,皮损位于T3-T11脊神经支配区。按照入院时疼痛持续的时间分为5组:Ⅰ组(n=13),疼痛持续1—2个月;Ⅱ组(n=15),疼痛持续2—3个月;Ⅲ组(n=16),疼痛持续3—6个月;Ⅳ组(n=12),疼痛持续6—12个月;Ⅴ组(n=14),疼痛持续12个月以上。所有患者在CT引导下置入硬膜外导管,采用硬膜外自控镇痛泵输注利多卡因和甲基强的松龙,连续输注18—20d,如果患者自控镇痛次数超过10次/d,则加用曲马多进行治疗。采用数字模拟评分法(NRS)评定疼痛强度。结果:硬膜外阻滞期间所有患者均达到满意镇痛,但Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组的镇痛泵使用数量和曲马多用量显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组;出院后7d,总有效率100%,组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的NRS评分明显低于Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。出院后3个月和6个月,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的有效率仍明显高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05);出院后3个月,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组患者的NRS亦明显高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。出院后6个月,Ⅰ组患者的NRS明显低于其他4组(P<0.05);除Ⅰ组外,其余各组均有高于20%的患者治疗无效。患者的生存质量评分与疼痛程度密切相关(R2=0.945)。结论:连续硬膜外输注利多卡因和甲基强的松龙对病程<3个月的PHN患者的疗效优于病程≥3个月的患者。     

右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的可行性

目的 评价右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的可行性.方法 拟行星状神经节阻滞的三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的老年患者45例,性别不限,年龄65～85岁,体重45～85 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=15):单纯星状神经节阻滞组(SGB组)、0.4μg/ml右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞组(DS1组)和0.6 μg/ml右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞组(DS2组).DS1组和DS2组于星状神经节阻滞前分别静脉输注浓度为0.4和0.6μg/ml的右美托咪啶0.1 ml/kg,SGB组输注等容量生理盐水,输注时间15 min.给予0.5％罗哌卡因8～10ml行星状神经节阻滞.记录阻滞起效时间和阻滞维持时间.记录术中心动过缓、低血压和呼吸抑制的发生情况.于治疗后1、2、4和8周时,行VAS评分,0～3分为镇痛满意,计算镇痛满意率.结果 三组心动过缓、低血压及呼吸抑制的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与SGB组比较,DS1组和DS2组阻滞维持时间延长,治疗后2、4和8周时镇痛满意率升高(P＜0.05);DS1组和DS2组阻滞起效时间、阻滞维持时间和镇痛满意率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与单纯星状神经节阻滞相比,右美托咪啶辅助星状神经节阻滞治疗老年患者三叉神经疱疹后神经痛的效果更佳.