"洋泾浜汉语"现象的文化阐释

“洋泾浜英语”是产生于旧中国沿海通商口岸的一种变形英语 ,它是英语受到汉语语音、语法规则和表达习惯的干扰后的变种。“洋泾浜汉语”是与“洋泾浜英语”有着历史渊源的另一种语言现象 ,它的产生有着深刻的社会根源 ,在一定程度上是汉民族经历了内忧外患、自我内耗后 ,在社会转折时期对外来文化盲目欣赏和急功近利等复杂心态的反映 ,其实质是一种殖民地文化的复苏。由此也充分说明在我国政治经济体制迅速变革发展时期 ,国民语言文字主权意识、规范意识需要加强 ,语文整体素质有待提高 ,法制亟待完善。     

First Encounters: Repair Sequences in Cross-Signing

Most human communication is between people who speak or sign the same languages. Nevertheless, communication is to some extent possible where there is no language in common, as every tourist knows. How this works is of some theoretical interest (Levinson, 2006 ). A nice arena to explore this capacity is when deaf signers of different languages meet for the first time and are able to use the iconic affordances of sign to begin communication. Here we focus on other-initiated repair (OIR), that is, where one signer makes clear he or she does not understand, thus initiating repair of the prior conversational turn. OIR sequences are typically of a three-turn structure (Schegloff 2007 ), including the problem source turn (T−1), the initiation of repair (T0), and the turn offering a problem solution (T+1). These sequences seem to have a universal structure (Dingemanse et al. 2013). We find that in most cases where such OIR occur, the signer of the troublesome turn (T−1) foresees potential difficulty and marks the utterance with “try markers” (Moerman, 1988 ; Sacks & Schegloff, 1979 ) which pause to invite recognition. The signers use repetition, gestural holds, prosodic lengthening, and eyegaze at the addressee as such try-markers. Moreover, when T−1 is try-marked this allows for faster response times of T+1 with respect to T0. This finding suggests that signers in these “first encounter” situations actively anticipate potential trouble and, through try-marking, mobilize and facilitate OIRs. The suggestion is that heightened meta-linguistic awareness can be utilized to deal with these problems at the limits of our communicational ability.