虚拟现实技术在枢椎椎弓根螺钉精确植入中的应用研究

目的探索以虚拟现实技术为基础的枢椎椎弓根螺钉置人方法。方法选取8具成人颅一颈椎标本，采用改良四柱式定位框架固定于枕颈，使颅-颈-肩形成统一刚体，保持空间位置恒定，CT薄层扫描获取枢椎三维定位信息，采用Aero—Tech立体定向手术规划系统三维建模，设计安全、可视化、个体化的虚拟置钉路径，反复虚拟演示验证钉道安全后，导向弓把持下置人导向钢针，复查CT评价置钉的准确性。结果16个枢椎椎弓根置钉过程中，方向出现偏差（横突孔突破）1个，失败率为6．25％。结论目标椎弓根的容积三维重建、置钉路径可视化设计和虚拟演示，使操作过程简单、直观而精确，不需要线形和角性参数的测量；加上导向抓持装置提供的稳定性，使该技术具有很好的临床应用前景。     

Reduction mammaplasty by central pedicle flap with short submammary scar

Reduction mammaplasty was performed in 30 patients by combining the central pedicle flap method with the short submammary scar (3-S) technique to avoid the common drawbacks of currently popular dermoglandular procedures. Reduction was accomplished by using perforating vascular branches from the pectoralis major muscle and its fascia supplying the nipple and breast parenchyme instead of the subdermal plexus. The central vascular pedicle supplying the nipple-areola complex was preserved. Only the periphery of the breast parenchyme was resected circumferentially, with the exception of the inferolateral portion, so as not to injure the sensory nerve. The remaining breast parenchyme was preserved in an inverted cone shape. The nipple-areola complex was safely transposed with great freedom, and the amount of resection was accurately adjusted for symmetry. No cases of nipple-areola complex sensory change occurred postoperatively, and lactation is possible because of preservation of the lactiferous ducts. The length of postoperative scars was reduced by using the short submammary scar technique. We believe this combined method is ideal in patients requiring resections ranging from 200 to 600 g per breast with good skin elasticity and moderate degree of ptosis.Presented at the Sixth Asian Pacific Congress of the International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, in Seoul, Korea, October 1993.     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床与实验研究

探讨加压滑动鹅头钉在治疗股骨转子间骨折中的作用。临床应用４５例。男３４例，女１１例。平均年龄６１岁。稳定型１３例，不稳定型３２例。经临床应用和生物力学实验测定，结果表明：（１）对不稳定型转子间骨折，恢复小转子区内后侧皮质骨的连续性在骨折的稳定中具有重要作用。（２）内后侧骨折块解剖复位，加压螺丝钉固定或大转子骨折端加压螺丝钉固定能显著增强加压滑动鹅头钉的固定作用，明显提高不稳定型转子间骨折的术后稳定性。（３）该装置设计合理，性能坚固，对转子间骨折具有很强的固定作用，能有效地达到早期下床和避免长期卧床的目的，是目前临床最理想的内固定装置。     

肌蒂移植术治疗陈旧性脊髓损伤(附56例报告)

作者采用肌蒂移植术治疗胸腰段陈旧性脊髓损伤56例.脊髓功能恢复率提高至Franke 1个等级以上者占76.8%(43/56).本文讨论了肌蒂移植术对陈旧性脊髓损伤的适应证.安徽省宿州市骨伤科医院淮北煤矿基建局医院     

Postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the renal pedicle treated with detachable balloons: A case report

A case of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula of the right renal pedicle is reported here. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and successful treatment was achieved using detachable balloon.     

Anatomic comparison of transarticular screws with lateral mass screws in cervical vertebrae

Objective:To compare the potential incidence of nerve root (ventral and dorsal ramus) injury caused by cervical transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws. Methods:Insertion techniques with Klekamp transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws were respectively performed in this study. Each technique involved four specimens and 40 screws, which were inserted from C3 to C7. And 20-mm-long screws were used to overpenetrate the ventral cortex. The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow observation of the screw-ramus relationship. Results : The overall percentage of nerve invasion was significantly lower with Klekamp (45 %) technique than with Roy-Camille (85%) technique (P<0.05). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Klekamp transarticular screws was found at the dorsal ramus (25%), followed by the ventral ramus (15%) and the bifurcation of the ventral dorsal ramus (5 %). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Roy-Camille lateral mass screws was found at the ventral ramus (80 %). Conclusion : The potential risk of nerve root invasion is lower with Klekamp transarticular screws than with Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.     

双环法旋转圆锥状腺体蒂乳房缩吊术

目的改进传统的双环法在乳房缩小术、乳房悬吊术术后外形扁平，凸度不足，上极瘪陷，提升不够等缺点。方法采用双环切口。“扇”形分离、切除皮下部分脂肪，“楔”形切除适量的外上象限腺体，螺旋状旋转剩余腺体成圆锥状，将其固定在第2肋软骨膜上，矫正轻中度乳房肥大和下垂。结果术后随访20例患者1～3个月，乳房上极较丰满，形态好，乳头乳晕功能正常，切口瘢痕轻，乳房肥大和下垂的矫正获得了满意的效果。结论双环切口，螺旋状旋转剩余腺体成圆锥状，并固定于第2肋软骨膜上，可较好地塑形并悬吊乳房，其切口相对隐蔽，术后乳房高凸，上极略饱满，乳头微上翘，乳晕形态合适，是矫正轻中度乳房肥大下垂的一种较理想的术式。     

鼻唇沟皮下蒂皮瓣修复鼻唇缺损的临床应用

目的研究临床应用鼻唇沟皮下蒂皮瓣修复鼻唇缺损的方法及解剖要点,探讨其优缺点.方法根据临床应用鼻唇沟皮瓣的经验,在临床中应用皮下蒂鼻唇沟皮瓣修复多种类型的鼻唇部缺损.结果临床应用9例,全部成活,经过4个月～1年的临床随访,效果满意.结论灵活应用鼻唇沟皮下蒂皮瓣修复鼻唇缺损是修复鼻唇缺损的较为理想而且简单、安全的方法.     

乳腺中心蒂乳房肥大缩小术

目的 探寻一种保证乳房肥大缩小手术后乳头乳晕的良好血运和感觉及哺乳功能、并减少手术并发症的术式。方法 选择乳头乳晕深部中心区的乳腺组织做乳头乳晕蒂，蒂中包含支配乳头乳晕的乳腺中央支血管、感觉神经，术中一直可观察到刺激乳头后的勃起反应，并使中心区保留的乳腺组织与乳头间有输乳管相连，以保留该部的哺乳功能。术中切除多余的乳腺及相应脂肪组织，缩小后的乳房容易塑形。结果 自1996年开展此项手术以来，共已完成17例，无1例发生乳头乳晕的并发症，感觉正常，并有1例曾经历哺乳。结论 乳腺中心蒂乳房肥大缩小术，不但可以保证乳头乳晕的血运，而且可避免对感觉神经的损伤，保留部分哺乳功能，并获得良好形态。     

交叉韧带重建手术中可吸收挤压螺钉的应用

目的探讨交叉韧带重建术中可吸收挤压螺钉的使用方法和疗效。方法总结53例交叉韧带重建病例使用可吸收挤压螺钉的情况，在术中、术后并发症、术后康复、膝关节功能状况等方面进行回顾性分析。结果三例出现韧带切割现象。两例股骨侧螺钉拧入后导引针无法拔出。一例挤压螺钉断裂。术后Lysholm评分平均92.4±4．1。结论交叉韧带重建术中使用可吸收挤压螺钉固定的方法固定牢固，术后恢复快，利于早期康复。